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Previously we discussed several issues in Mark's gospel:
http://christianchat.com/bible-disc...s-account-jesus-resurrection-appearances.html
Here I raise 5 issues in Matthew's gospel:
(1) Whether (A) Matthew embellished Mark's portrayal of the youth with Jesus at Gethsemane and later inside the tomb as a white robed human who delivered the message, turning the human into an angel in "shining" white who paralyzed the soldiers and sat on the tomb and gave that message, (Matthew 28:2-7) or
(B) Mark downplayed the angel's divine properties by depicting him as a youth.
That the youth at the tomb in Mark appears to be the human youth who followed Jesus on Thursday evening is proposed by some Christian scholars:
What is the significance of the young man who runs away naked in Mark's gospel? - Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange
It's understandable that Matthew might have concluded the youth in Mark was angel. How else would the youth have known that Jesus rose and went to Galilee like he told the women? Had he been staying at the tomb and saw what happened? Did he find the tomb empty before they did and assumed that, as He told the women, Jesus rose and "went to Galilee like He (Jesus) had said" previously (ie. Jesus' prediction in Mark 14:28)?
(2) How did Matthew know that the angel rolled the stone away, sat on the stone, and paralyzed the guards with fear like he wrote? In Matthew 28:1-5 it sounds like the women were present when that happened because of the sequence:
28:1 Magdalene comes to the sepulchre.
28:2 And, behold, there was a great earthquake.... for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and... rolled back the stone
28:5 And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye
However, in Mark 16:4 it sounds like the women showed up after the stone was rolled away and the youth was already inside the tomb: "And when they looked, they saw that the stone was rolled away".
And Luke 24 says "And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre."
So which version is correct and how did Matthew know?
(3) Why in Matthew 28 did the alleged guards, paralyzed by an angel, spread rumors that the disciples took the body instead of believing? If they were so scared of the angel that they were paralyzed and ran away, it would show them the role of the supernatural or divine in Christianity. Why would they risk spreading rumors about something they were so scared of and why not become believers?
(4) The rumor among the people that Matthew mentions suggests an alternative explanation for the disappearance of Jesus' body at the tomb. Is this realistic?
Of all the groups who could have taken the body, Jesus' followers and grave robbers had the most to gain. But would grave robbers have left the linen behind to make it look like resurrection? Jesus had instructed his followers to arm themselves and Peter had already cut a soldier's ear when they had come for Jesus, so perhaps he or others would be able in enough numbers to overwhelm a guard. Perhaps the guard was not a Roman one but a Temple one, or perhaps the guards didn't exist since they aren't mentioned in the other gospels? And perhaps the body was taken on Friday before the guards were posted on Saturday?
(5) What could have been the specific basis for the apostles' doubt in Matthew's account?
Matthew's gospel ends with mentioning only one appearance of Jesus to the disciples, on a Galilean mountain:
28:17 And when they saw him,they worshipped him: but some doubted.
If they saw Jesus right in front of them and he spoke to them at length in the appearance like it says, what basis for doubt could there have been? The account does not say whether that appearance of Jesus was physical, but if it was it would be extremely hard to doubt. Perhaps instead the appearance was more like His appearance to Paul (ie. a vision) or like the sightings of Mary to hundreds or thousands of people at once. In some of those, some people see Mary, others see the sun "dance", and others don't notice anything. Perhaps the apostles were like the witnesses to the Marian apparition who saw nothing? If so, it puts in greater doubt whether the appearance was real.
http://christianchat.com/bible-disc...s-account-jesus-resurrection-appearances.html
Here I raise 5 issues in Matthew's gospel:
(1) Whether (A) Matthew embellished Mark's portrayal of the youth with Jesus at Gethsemane and later inside the tomb as a white robed human who delivered the message, turning the human into an angel in "shining" white who paralyzed the soldiers and sat on the tomb and gave that message, (Matthew 28:2-7) or
(B) Mark downplayed the angel's divine properties by depicting him as a youth.
That the youth at the tomb in Mark appears to be the human youth who followed Jesus on Thursday evening is proposed by some Christian scholars:
Fascinatingly, the word neaniskos ("youth"), which is rare in the Christian Testament, crops up a second time in Mark, to describe the young man in the long white robe who tells the women disciples that Jesus has been raised... If the previous dress [of the youth in the garden] was the linen cloth, this one [he wears] in the tomb, however, is white. Though he is dressed in both cases, the difference in dress expresses the development within the narrative. The portrayal is therefore characterized by closure: the shameful condition of the young man as he flees the scene of Jesus arrest in the nude is replaced by his restoration.
The effect of Mark's location of the young man's character is to create an inclusio. The last one who has been with and who then abandons Jesus is also the first one to announce his resurrection.
The effect of Mark's location of the young man's character is to create an inclusio. The last one who has been with and who then abandons Jesus is also the first one to announce his resurrection.
It's understandable that Matthew might have concluded the youth in Mark was angel. How else would the youth have known that Jesus rose and went to Galilee like he told the women? Had he been staying at the tomb and saw what happened? Did he find the tomb empty before they did and assumed that, as He told the women, Jesus rose and "went to Galilee like He (Jesus) had said" previously (ie. Jesus' prediction in Mark 14:28)?
(2) How did Matthew know that the angel rolled the stone away, sat on the stone, and paralyzed the guards with fear like he wrote? In Matthew 28:1-5 it sounds like the women were present when that happened because of the sequence:
28:1 Magdalene comes to the sepulchre.
28:2 And, behold, there was a great earthquake.... for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and... rolled back the stone
28:5 And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye
However, in Mark 16:4 it sounds like the women showed up after the stone was rolled away and the youth was already inside the tomb: "And when they looked, they saw that the stone was rolled away".
And Luke 24 says "And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre."
So which version is correct and how did Matthew know?
(3) Why in Matthew 28 did the alleged guards, paralyzed by an angel, spread rumors that the disciples took the body instead of believing? If they were so scared of the angel that they were paralyzed and ran away, it would show them the role of the supernatural or divine in Christianity. Why would they risk spreading rumors about something they were so scared of and why not become believers?
(4) The rumor among the people that Matthew mentions suggests an alternative explanation for the disappearance of Jesus' body at the tomb. Is this realistic?
Of all the groups who could have taken the body, Jesus' followers and grave robbers had the most to gain. But would grave robbers have left the linen behind to make it look like resurrection? Jesus had instructed his followers to arm themselves and Peter had already cut a soldier's ear when they had come for Jesus, so perhaps he or others would be able in enough numbers to overwhelm a guard. Perhaps the guard was not a Roman one but a Temple one, or perhaps the guards didn't exist since they aren't mentioned in the other gospels? And perhaps the body was taken on Friday before the guards were posted on Saturday?
(5) What could have been the specific basis for the apostles' doubt in Matthew's account?
Matthew's gospel ends with mentioning only one appearance of Jesus to the disciples, on a Galilean mountain:
28:17 And when they saw him,they worshipped him: but some doubted.
If they saw Jesus right in front of them and he spoke to them at length in the appearance like it says, what basis for doubt could there have been? The account does not say whether that appearance of Jesus was physical, but if it was it would be extremely hard to doubt. Perhaps instead the appearance was more like His appearance to Paul (ie. a vision) or like the sightings of Mary to hundreds or thousands of people at once. In some of those, some people see Mary, others see the sun "dance", and others don't notice anything. Perhaps the apostles were like the witnesses to the Marian apparition who saw nothing? If so, it puts in greater doubt whether the appearance was real.