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One of the foundational arguments that Jesus' post-Resurrection physical appearances were real events and not fabrications is that the apostles underwent persecution and risked being killed for their beliefs.
Let me explain the argument:
(1)The early Christian writings portray Jesus' appearances and birth from a virgin as real physical events, not delusions or allegories. Matthew, Luke, and John specify physical aspects of Jesus' appearances, like the women at the tomb holding Jesus' feet. Mark implies that the appearances were physical, because the tomb was empty and the boy there said that Jesus was going to Galilee, which means He was traveling through physical space instead of simply appearing. And Mark has plenty of miracle stories, although they are not as extreme as a transfigured resurrection. Paul implies the belief in the virgin birth when he writes that Jesus was "born of a woman", which reflects another belief in an extreme miracle of Jesus. Based on the clear physical nature of these alleged extreme miracles, along with the fact that the Bible claims that Jesus made the physical appearances to eleven apostles, they were not delusions. This leaves open the question of whether they were fabricated.
(2) Nor were the stories of Christ's extreme miracles likely made up decades later, because Paul implied the virgin birth in his epistle, which was written about 10-15 years after the Resurrection. The extreme miracles show multiple attestation through the gospel books spread by the Christian community and there is no record of a Christian sect splitting off and claiming that the claims of Jesus' virgin birth and physical resurrection were new fabrications.
(3) For the claims of the extreme miracles, we must rely on the witness of about 11 apostles and a few women. The Bible does not specify whether the later appearances of Jesus to 70 followers or 500 followers were physical. We also must trust them that Mary was a virgin and that they didn't remove Jesus' body from the grave, eg. by taking the body before the guards got there on Saturday or by overpowering the tomb's guards at night.
(4) Consequently, the main reason that we know that the apostles were not lying and these main miracles were real is because people would not make up miracle stories for their sect if they risked being killed for their membership in a cult. The apostles would not risk dying for a religion that they believed was false, and so they wouldn't make up extreme miracles for it.
Is this argument correct? Were there any other sects wherein:
(A) around a dozen followers
(B) made up miracle stories and
(C) voluntarily risked a serious likelihood of dying for their sect?
Some sects that may or may not qualify:
1. Shia Muslims: They claimed miracles in their tradition and at times were persecuted by the Sunni Muslims.
2. Sufi Muslims: Miracles are an important aspect of Sufiism and at times they have been persecuted.
3. The Cathars: They claimed miracles and were mortally persecuted by the medieval Inquisition
4. A persecuted sect formed around Lo Hwai, a prophet in 18th century Shantung who allegedly performed extreme miracles like flying.
See: Sectarianism and Religious Persecution in China, By Jan Jakob Maria Groot
5. The Mormons: Joseph Smith and "three witnesses" experienced an angel giving them gold plates in the woods. One witness was away when the angel appeared, but he admitted to seeing the plates. One witness said the angel had no form or shape, the other witness told numerous other people that he didn't see the plates with his real eyes but his spiritual ones. (Three Witnesses - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Joseph Smith was later killed, but I doubt that the three witnesses faced a likely prospect of death.
Out of these five sects, the first four need to be fleshed out more to see if they qualify as appropriate analogies. For example, how many witnesses saw their alleged miracles and are there no natural explanations for them? The last sect listed doesn't appear to qualify (eg. J.Smith was only 1 persecuted witness and the question demands at least 9).
Do you know more about these first four sects and can you think of others that might qualify?
Let me explain the argument:
(1)The early Christian writings portray Jesus' appearances and birth from a virgin as real physical events, not delusions or allegories. Matthew, Luke, and John specify physical aspects of Jesus' appearances, like the women at the tomb holding Jesus' feet. Mark implies that the appearances were physical, because the tomb was empty and the boy there said that Jesus was going to Galilee, which means He was traveling through physical space instead of simply appearing. And Mark has plenty of miracle stories, although they are not as extreme as a transfigured resurrection. Paul implies the belief in the virgin birth when he writes that Jesus was "born of a woman", which reflects another belief in an extreme miracle of Jesus. Based on the clear physical nature of these alleged extreme miracles, along with the fact that the Bible claims that Jesus made the physical appearances to eleven apostles, they were not delusions. This leaves open the question of whether they were fabricated.
(2) Nor were the stories of Christ's extreme miracles likely made up decades later, because Paul implied the virgin birth in his epistle, which was written about 10-15 years after the Resurrection. The extreme miracles show multiple attestation through the gospel books spread by the Christian community and there is no record of a Christian sect splitting off and claiming that the claims of Jesus' virgin birth and physical resurrection were new fabrications.
(3) For the claims of the extreme miracles, we must rely on the witness of about 11 apostles and a few women. The Bible does not specify whether the later appearances of Jesus to 70 followers or 500 followers were physical. We also must trust them that Mary was a virgin and that they didn't remove Jesus' body from the grave, eg. by taking the body before the guards got there on Saturday or by overpowering the tomb's guards at night.
(4) Consequently, the main reason that we know that the apostles were not lying and these main miracles were real is because people would not make up miracle stories for their sect if they risked being killed for their membership in a cult. The apostles would not risk dying for a religion that they believed was false, and so they wouldn't make up extreme miracles for it.
Is this argument correct? Were there any other sects wherein:
(A) around a dozen followers
(B) made up miracle stories and
(C) voluntarily risked a serious likelihood of dying for their sect?
Some sects that may or may not qualify:
1. Shia Muslims: They claimed miracles in their tradition and at times were persecuted by the Sunni Muslims.
2. Sufi Muslims: Miracles are an important aspect of Sufiism and at times they have been persecuted.
3. The Cathars: They claimed miracles and were mortally persecuted by the medieval Inquisition
4. A persecuted sect formed around Lo Hwai, a prophet in 18th century Shantung who allegedly performed extreme miracles like flying.
See: Sectarianism and Religious Persecution in China, By Jan Jakob Maria Groot
5. The Mormons: Joseph Smith and "three witnesses" experienced an angel giving them gold plates in the woods. One witness was away when the angel appeared, but he admitted to seeing the plates. One witness said the angel had no form or shape, the other witness told numerous other people that he didn't see the plates with his real eyes but his spiritual ones. (Three Witnesses - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Joseph Smith was later killed, but I doubt that the three witnesses faced a likely prospect of death.
Out of these five sects, the first four need to be fleshed out more to see if they qualify as appropriate analogies. For example, how many witnesses saw their alleged miracles and are there no natural explanations for them? The last sect listed doesn't appear to qualify (eg. J.Smith was only 1 persecuted witness and the question demands at least 9).
Do you know more about these first four sects and can you think of others that might qualify?