And he said to him, “Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”
-- Luke 23:43
In the original Greek there are no verses, or punctuation, so Luke 23v43 makes better sense if we read it as:
And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee To day, shalt thou be with me in paradise.
Christ, was telling the thief that he could know that his faith in Him had saved him that day, and he would not need to wait until the resurrection and Millennium kingdom to know.
Christ did
NOT go to "Paradise" (which is in Heaven) when He died, His spirit returned to God (Luke 23v46), His body was in the tomb (Luke 23v50) and His soul descended into Hades (Sheol) (Psalm 16v8-11, Jonah 1v17, 2v2, Matt 12v40, Acts 2v23-33, Rom 10v7, Eph 4v8-10, 1Peter 3v18-20, 4v6, Rev 1v18) to make atonement for sin suffering the pangs of death.(Isaiah 53v10).
Having made atonement for sin, He was quickened in spirit and proclaimed His victory over, sin, Hades, death, the Devil and his evil angels to the evil angelic spirits who rebelled in the time of Noah, however none of them repented as they were all irrevocably hardened in sin (Gen 6v1-8, Col 1v20, 1Peter 3v18-20, 2Peter 2v4), He then preached the Gospel to the wicked and ignorant dead (1Peter 4v6), then He crossed the great gulf between them (Luke 16v19-31) and the Old Testament saints who died in faith and preached the Gospel to them (Heb 2v14,15), He then lead all who had received the Truth out of Hades, His soul and spirit then entered back into His body and He was resurrected, He then had a brief discussion with the women to encourage them, then He ascended into Heaven with those He had lead out of Hades, being given a great triumphant choral welcome into Heaven, the first thing He then did was gave ministry and spiritual gifts to the Church. Psalm 24, John 16v7, 20v14-17, 1Cor 12v7-11, Eph 4v8-16
The context of 1Peter 4v5,6 is physical death and
NOT spiritual death.
ALL the early church fathers believed most emphatically that Our Lord's soul stripped of its body (which was in the tomb, His spirit having returned to God), descended into Hades (the Abyss) and there having made atonement, He preached to the spirits in prison, the wicked and ignorant dead and the OT saints who had died in faith.
1) Irenaeus says explicitly that the Lord “descended into the regions beneath the earth, preaching His advent there also, and there mission of sins ready for those who believe in Him,” and he also states that remission of sins was received by, “all who had hopes towards Him, who proclaimed His advent and submitted to His dispensations.” Irenaeus 4.27,2.
2) Justin accused the Jews of mutilating a prophecy of Jeremiah's, which had read, “The Lord God, the Holy One of Israel, remembered those His dead who slept in the dust of the grave, and descended to them to proclaim to them His salvation.”
3) Clement of Alexander preached thatthe souls of the Heathen as well as Jews benefited from the revelation of Christ to them in Hades. The Jews being in bonds to the burden of the Law, and the Heathen being “those in darkness,” received the proclamation of the truth of the Gospel from Jesus. This proclamation involved the offer of salvation,and the possibility of repentance and forgiveness of all the sins that a manhad committed in ignorance, when not clearly knowing God.
4) Origen Clement's pupil, as we have already stated, believed that Jesus preached to the dead. A famous infidel named Celsus was speaking with Origen and ridiculed this widespread belief of the Church, he said, “I suppose Christ, when He failed to persuade the living, went down to Hades to persuade those who live there?” Origen answered him, “Whether it please Celsus or no, we of the Church assert that the soul of our Lord, stripped of its body, did there hold converse with other souls, that were in like manner stripped, that He might there convert those who were capable of instruction, orwere otherwise in ways known to Him fit for it.” Origen c. Celsum, 2.43.
5) Tertullian also stated that the belief that Jesus descended into Hades and preached there, had been held in the Church since thedays of the apostles, his testimony is of great value since Tertullian censured anything that was new.
6) Cyril of Jerusalem states, in beautiful picturesque language,that: “The holy prophets ran unto Him {Jesus}, and Moses the law giver, and Abraham and Isaac and Jacob; David also and Samuel, and Isaiah and John the Baptist, who bore witness when he asked, Art thou He that should come, or look we for another? All the just were ransomed whom death had devoured, for it behoved the King who had been heralded to become the redeemer of His noble heralds. Then each of the just said, O death where is thy sting? O grave where is thy victory? For the Conqueror hath redeemed us.” Cyril Hieros., Catech. 14.9,10.
7) Athanasius said that more than the Patriarchs and prophets were delivered from Hades, he extended the circle of those who Jesus delivered from Hades through His preaching, “and thinks of the souls of Adam as held fast under sentence of death, and crying to his Lord ever more, and of those who had pleased God, and had been justified by the law of nature, as mourning and crying with Him till the mercy of God revealed to them the mystery of redemption.”
Christ's death brought life and immortality to light through the Gospel, so that when the Christian dies although they lose their body, they retain their spirit, and their soul and spirit ascend into God's Presence in Paradise in Heaven. Matt 16v18, 2Cor 5v8, Phil 1v23, 2Tim 1v10, Heb 12v23.
It was Augustine at the end of the 4th Century who changed all the Truth on this subject.
Yahweh Shalom...