Literally, it means the unseen state. In the KJV of the Bible it is translted as grave 31 times, hell 31 times, and pit 3 times. It should never have been translated as hell. Most of the new Bible versions use the word as it is, sheol. Sheol is never used in the OT to denote a place of everlasting torment.
God bless.
Tom
Does sheol refer to the grave, or does it refer to hell, or perhaps both? This is a common concern. It certainly does refer to the grave. Many people, however, think that it only refers to the grave, and that it doesn't refer to hell at all. To find out, we can simply look at some of the verses in which it appears, and examine their context.
Keep in mind that hell's direction is down (2 Peter 2:4).
4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but cast them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved for judgment; (2 Peter 2:4)
Based on the context, the following verses use sheol to refer to hell, the destination of the wicked:
22 For a fire is kindled by my anger, And shall burn to the lowest hell; It shall consume the earth with her increase, And set on fire the foundations of the mountains. (Deuteronomy 32:22)
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17 The wicked shall be turned into hell, And all the nations that forget God. (Psalm 9:17)
Psalm 9:17 tells us that the wicked and all the nations that forget God shall be turned into hell. It wouldn't make sense to say that this is just referring to the grave. Everyone dies, both the just and the unjust. But hell is for the wicked only.
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15 Let death seize them; Let them go down alive into hell, For wickedness is in their dwellings and among them. (Psalm 55:15)
Psalm 55:15 tells us that the wicked go down
alive into hell. Of course, corpses are not alive. When the wicked die, the soul departs the body, which remains dead and is left behind to rot. In hell, the soul has a new body, which is alive in hell. All of this can be determined from Matthew 10:28:
28 And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. But rather fear Him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. (Matthew 10:28)
Therefore, Psalm 55:15 can only be a reference to hell.
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5 Her feet go down to death, Her steps lay hold of hell. (Proverbs 5:5)
Her feet do down (the direction of hell) to death. Her steps (corpses do not walk) lay hold of hell.
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27 Her house is the way to hell, Descending to the chambers of death. (Proverbs 7:27)
Descending is movement in the direction of hell.
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18 But he does not know that the dead are there, That her guests are in the depths of hell. (Proverbs 9:18)
Corpses aren't guests.
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24 The way of life winds upward for the wise, That he may turn away from hell below. (Proverbs 15:24)
The way of life (righteousness) winds upward (to heaven) for the wise, that he may turn from hell (the destination of the wicked) below (the direction of hell).
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14 You shall beat him with a rod, And deliver his soul from hell. (Proverbs 23:14)
Proverbs 22:14 should remove remaining doubt that sheol can refer to hell. It tells us that
souls are delivered from sheol. No explanation is really needed here. Souls are delivered from hell, not the grave. The grave is the destination for corpses, not souls.
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14 Therefore Sheol has enlarged itself And opened its mouth beyond measure; Their glory and their multitude and their pomp, And he who is jubilant, shall descend into it. (Isaiah 5:14)
They descend (the direction of hell) into sheol.
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19 As drought and heat consume the snow waters, So the grave consumes those who have sinned. (Job 24:19)
Job 24:19 tells us that sheol is a reference to the destination of the wicked (those who have sinned).
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15 But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave, For He shall receive me. Selah (Psalm 49:15)
Psalm 49:15 similarly should remove any doubt. God redeems souls from the power of hell, not the grave. Everyone goes to the grave, redeemed or not.
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13 For great is Your mercy toward me, And You have delivered my soul from the depths of Sheol. (Psalm 86:13)
Again, God delivers the righteous from hell, not the grave.
What scriptures do you use to support the idea that physical bodies are in sheol?
Similarly, context shows us that sheol is also used to refer to the grave. This is why some people get the mistaken idea that it refers only to the grave and never to hell.
35 And all his sons and all his daughters arose to comfort him; but he refused to be comforted, and he said, "For I shall go down into the grave to my son in mourning." Thus his father wept for him. (Genesis 37:35)
38 But he said, "My son shall not go down with you, for his brother is dead, and he is left alone. If any calamity should befall him along the way in which you go, then you would bring down my gray hair with sorrow to the grave." (Genesis 42:38)
29 But if you take this one also from me, and calamity befalls him, you shall bring down my gray hair with sorrow to the grave.' (Genesis 44:29)
31 it will happen, when he sees that the lad is not with us, that he will die. So your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father with sorrow to the grave. (Genesis 44:31)
6 "The Lord kills and makes alive; He brings down to the grave and brings up. (1 Samuel 2:6)
13 "Oh, that You would hide me in the grave, That You would conceal me until Your wrath is past, That You would appoint me a set time, and remember me! (Job 14:13)
5 For in death there is no remembrance of You; In the grave who will give You thanks? (Psalm 6:5)
3 For my soul is full of troubles, And my life draws near to the grave. (Psalm 88:3)
48 What man can live and not see death? Can he deliver his life from the power of the grave? Selah (Psalm 89:48)
7 Our bones are scattered at the mouth of the grave, As when one plows and breaks up the earth. (Psalm 141:7)
10 Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with your might; for there is no work or device or knowledge or wisdom in the grave where you are going. (Ecclesiastes 9:10)