The original-language terms (Heb., ne'phesh [נפׁש]; Gr., psy·khe' [ψυχή]) as used in the Scriptures show“soul” to be a person, an animal, or the life that a person or an animal enjoys.
The connotations that the English “soul” commonly carries in the minds of most persons are not in agreement with the meaning of the Hebrew and Greek words as used by the inspired Bible writers.
The difficulty lies in the fact that the meanings popularly attached to the English word “soul” stem primarily, not from the Hebrew or Christian Greek Scriptures, but from ancient Greek philosophy, actually pagan religious thought. Greek philosopher Plato, for example, quotes Socrates as saying: “The soul,…if it departs pure, dragging with it nothing of the body,…goes away into that which is like itself, into the invisible, divine, immortal, and wise, and when it arrives there it is happy, freed from error and folly and fear…and all the other human ills, and . . . lives in truth through all after time with the gods.”-Phaedo, 80, D, E; 81, A.
In direct contrast with the Greek teaching of the psy·khe' (soul) as being immaterial, intangible, invisible, and immortal, the Scriptures show that both psy·khe' and ne'phesh, as used with reference to earthly creatures, refer to that which is material, tangible, visible, and mortal.
The Greek pneu'ma (spirit) comes from pne'o, meaning “breathe or blow,” and the Hebrew ru'ach (spirit) is believed to come from a root having the same meaning. Ru'ach and pneu'ma, then, basically mean “breath” but have extended meanings beyond that basic sense. They can also mean wind; the vital force in living creatures; one’s spirit; spirit persons, including God and his angelic creatures; and God’s active force, or holy spirit. All these meanings have something in common: They all refer to that which is invisible to human sight and which gives evidence of force in motion. Such invisible force is capable of producing visible effects.
Be advised that these are basic answers. A more detailed explanation-with examples-are lengthy.