It's important to properly define introversion and extroversion. Many people really don't understand it. An extrovert is not a loud, obnoxious, dancing party animal. An introvert is not a socially inept loner. Extroversion and introversion is defined by where you find your energy. Extroverts are energized by being around others. Introverts find other exhausting after a point and are energized by being alone.
I love people. I love being around people. In many circles, I could be that loud dancing fool. Introversion and extroversion is not about how outgoing you are. There reason I'm so adamate about a proper definition is because I thought I was an extrovert for years. However, I am an introvert to the core. I am energized by being alone. But I cannot spend too much time alone. Even introverts were created as social people.
^Excellent Points^
In addition OP was talking about taking an indepth pursuit of more intellectual topics, as well as the need to fulfill ones duty to family and career. I don't think any of those things have anything to do with introversion or extroversion. That seems like more of a Temperment bias.
ie... (SJ, SP, NF, NT) or (Melancholy, sanguine, choleric, Phlegmatic) etc.
I think it has to do with the OP's personality. His being annoyed with people who take a genuine interest in the his emotional well being, strikes me as a bit strange. However, it is understandable that he should find his enjoyment in life doing the things like fulfilling obligations, pursuing theological/philosophical stuff and paying the bills.
None of this is a problem unless we start becoming Typist, which I am terribly guilty of. That is to value and devalue people on the basis of whether or not they are psychologically oriented to the same compass heading that we are, metaphorically speaking. For instance I tend to rag on people who take themselves too seriously, people with underdeveloped emotional intelligence and people who value tradition because they don't know any better. But that is my bias.