Wikipedia quote:
Marcionism was an
Early Christian dualist belief system that originated in the teachings of
Marcion of Sinope at
Rome around the year 144[SUP]
[1][/SUP] (see also
Christianity in the 2nd century).
Marcion believed
Jesus Christ was the
savior sent by
God, and
Paul of Tarsus was his chief
apostle, but he rejected the
Hebrew Bible and the
God of Israel. Marcionists believed that the
wrathful Hebrew God was a separate and lower entity than the
all-forgiving God of the
New Testament. This belief was in some ways similar to
Gnostic Christian theology; notably, both are
dualistic, that is, they posit opposing gods, forces, or principles: one higher, spiritual, and "good", and the other lower, material, and "evil" (compare
Manichaeism), in contrast to the orthodox Christian view that "evil" has no independent existence, but is a
privation or lack of "good",[SUP]
[2][/SUP] a view shared by the Jewish theologian
Moses Maimonides.[SUP]
[3][/SUP]
Marcionism, similar to
Gnosticism, depicted the Hebrew God of the Old Testament as a tyrant or
demiurge (see also
God as the Devil). Marcion was labeled a gnostic by
Philip Schaff,[SUP]
[4][/SUP] while other scholars have rejected that categorization.
Marcion's canon consisted of eleven books:
A gospel consisting of ten sections from the Gospel of Luke edited by Marcion; and ten of
Paul's epistles. All other epistles and gospels of the
27 book New Testament canon were rejected.[SUP]
[5][/SUP] Paul's epistles enjoy a prominent position in the Marcionite canon, since Paul is credited with correctly transmitting the universality of Jesus' message. Other authors' epistles were rejected since they seemed to suggest that Jesus had simply come to found a
new sect within broader Judaism.[SUP][
citation needed][/SUP] Religious tribalism of this sort seemed to echo
Yahwism, and was thus regarded as a corruption of the "Heavenly Father"'s teaching.[SUP][
citation needed][/SUP]
Marcionism was denounced by its opponents as
heresy, and written against, notably by
Tertullian, in a five-book treatise
Adversus Marcionem, written about 208. Marcion's writings are lost, though they were widely read and numerous manuscripts must have existed. Even so, many scholars (including
Henry Wace) claim it is possible to reconstruct and deduce a large part of ancient Marcionism through what later critics, especially Tertullian, said concerning Marcion.
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