Let's look at the passage:
ESV
Mat 8:10 When Jesus heard this, he marveled and said to those who followed him, "Truly, I tell you, with no one in Israel have I found such faith.
Surprised:
This word doesn't necessarily mean surprised.
It can mean admiration or wonder.
So we aren't CERTAIN that Jesus "marveled" in the sense that he was confronted with new information.
(You might know that your spouse loves you, but you still marvel and wonder at this. It doesn't necessarily mean you're surprised, it just means it's a wonderful thing that you reflect on, and appreciate.)
So, I'm not sure we can be certain that this event with the centurion means Jesus was necessarily surprised with some new information.
I'm not sure if that is clear.
Dual Nature of Christ:
But even if he DID marvel in the sense that he was confronted with new information,
this would be perfectly consistent with the dual nature of Christ.
Christ, in the human incarnation, did NOT know everything at all times.
Some of his divine attributes were intentionally veiled, and hidden from himself.
So even if he was genuinely surprised by something, that would be consistent with his dual nature.
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