Your claim that Romans 1:20 “indicates the Golden Rule” is not text‑accurate; Paul is not describing an ethical maxim but the natural revelation of God’s eternal power and divine nature, which leaves humanity without excuse.Yes, the law indicated by Rom. 1:20 is probably the Golden Rule (Matt. 7:12),
which predated the Decalogue (cf. Rom. 2:14-15), although Confucius (d. 479 BC)
stated it as a negative command: "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others".
The Code of Hammurabi (d. circa 1750 BC) stated it in terms of the "eye for eye" law (Matt. 5:38, Exo. 21:23-25),
Romans 2:14–15 does not teach that the Golden Rule “predated the Decalogue,” but that Gentiles possess a moral consciousness reflecting God’s law, not a specific command identical to Matthew 7:12.
Confucius and Hammurabi are historically interesting, but they are not biblical parallels;
Confucius articulates a negative ethic, and
Hammurabi’s “eye for eye” is retributive justice, not the Golden Rule.
Jesus’ statement in Matthew 7:12 is not a universal human intuition but the summary of the Law and the Prophets, grounded in covenant revelation, not in ancient Near Eastern codes.
Your attempt to link Romans 1:20 to the Golden Rule, Confucius, and Hammurabi confuses categories:
Paul is speaking about knowledge of God, not ethical reciprocity;
Jesus is giving a covenantal summary, not a natural law principle; and
Hammurabi is giving civil penalties, not moral empathy.
The texts must be kept in their own theological lanes.