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Nin Jahouse said (2) The most important information here is about prolonged rain. Such prolonged rain is a symptom of a rapid drop in temperature, particularly strong evaporation and equally strong condensation of water vapor. For example, rain in the tropics is the result of a cycle in which...

Nin Jahouse said (1) It's difficult to say how distorted the original flood stories were (there must have been several of them), but if we accept what is now a distorted myth as what must have been possible according to modern knowledge, several conclusions emerge: The flood did not cover the...

How were buildings in Sumer built? (9) Sumerian buildings were primarily constructed using sun-baked mud bricks, made from clay mixed with chopped straw. These bricks were dried in the sun and used as the main building material for houses, temples, and city walls. More complex buildings, like...

What happens to buildings when they stay under water for a long time? (8) Buildings that are submerged underwater for a long time will degrade due to the relentless force of water, leading to issues like rot in wood, rust and corrosion in metal, and deterioration of concrete. The water...

How long did it take for the waters of the flood to disappear? (7) According to the Book of Genesis, the floodwaters receded over several months, with the entire event lasting about a year, from when the rains stopped to when Noah and his family emerged from the Ark onto dry land...

When was the biblical flood supposed to happen? (6) The Biblical flood of Noah is described in the Book of Genesis as happening in the 600th year of Noah's life, on the 17th day of the second month. A traditional calculation based on Bishop James Ussher places this event around 2350 BC, though...

When did Nimrod live? (5) Nimrod's historical existence is unconfirmed, but the stories mentioning him suggest he lived in the late Early Bronze Age, possibly recalling the period of the Akkadian Empire (c. 2200–2154 BC) or the later struggles for dominance in the Early Dynastic Period of...

The book of Genesis speaks about Nimrod founding the city of Akkad? (4) Yes, the Book of Genesis mentions that the kingdom of Nimrod included Akkad (or Accad), along with Babel, Erech, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. While it doesn't explicitly state he founded the city, it implies he...

Didn’t the city of Akkad exist before 2250? (3) Yes, the ancient city of Akkad, also known as Agade, existed before 2250 BCE, as it was founded by Sargon around 2300-2340 BCE and became the capital of the first known empire, the Akkadian Empire. While the city's precise location is unknown, it...

- Evolution of the population of the Akkadian city of Akkad? (2) The city of Akkad's population grew significantly to become the world's largest, estimated at 50,000 people between 2250 and 2100 BCE, following Sargon's founding of the Akkadian Empire around 2340 BCE. This rapid rise was due to...

When was the Akkadian city of Akkad founded? (1) The city of Akkad was founded by the Semitic conqueror Sargon around 2300 BCE, serving as the capital of the Akkadian Empire, the first known empire in history. Sargon unified the Mesopotamian city-states, and his reign began around 2334 BCE...

Elephantine (3) Old Kingdom & New Kingdom Capital of the First Nome: In the Old Kingdom, Elephantine served as the capital of the First Upper Egyptian Nome, demonstrating its administrative importance.

- Evolution of the population of the Egyptian city of Elephantine: (2) The population of the ancient Egyptian city of Elephantine fluctuated over millennia, characterized by its role as a trading and frontier center, which led to a diverse and often mixed ethnic population. From significant...

When was the Egyptian city of Elephantine founded? (1) The ancient Egyptian city of Elephantine began as early as the Naqada II Period (around 3500 BCE), with its oldest settlements found on the island's eastern ridge. A more developed settlement, with a fort and administrative buildings...

Faiyum (3) Old Kingdom & Middle Kingdom Return to Prosperity: The region became a lush hunting ground for the Egyptian nobility and a flourishing oasis again.

- Evolution of the population of the Egyptian city of Faiyum: (2) The Faiyum city's population evolved dramatically with significant climate-driven migrations and the rise and fall of civilizations, from early prehistoric settlement and migration to a prosperous Roman agricultural center and...

When was the Egyptian city of Faiyum founded? (1) The Faiyum region has evidence of habitation as early as 7200 BCE, with the first agricultural community established around 5200 BCE. The settlement that would become the city of Faiyum, known then as Shedet or Crocodilopolis, was established...

Abydos Prehistoric and Protodynastic Origins: (3) Abydos began as a prehistoric and protodynastic village and later became the city of Abdjou. Golden Age and Decline New Kingdom Importance: Abydos continued to be a significant city during the Middle and New Kingdoms, remaining a...

- Evolution of the population of the Egyptian city of Abydos: (2) Abydos' population was not given specific figures, but its population grew significantly with its importance as a religious and pilgrimage site, particularly with the cult of Osiris in the New Kingdom, and then declined in the...

When was the Egyptian city of Abydos founded? (1) The Egyptian city of Abydos was not "founded" at a single point in time, but rather developed over millennia, with its origins in the predynastic period, around 4000–3500 BC. The earliest known graves date to this time, and the site rose to...