The Sons of God (Genesis 6) Many ask the question “Who are the sons of God in Genesis 6?” And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, that the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. And the LORD said, My Spirit will not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days will be an hundred and twenty years. There were giants [Nephilim] in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown. Genesis 6:1-4 There have been three theories proposed to explain this Scripture. First, the sons are the tyrant rulers of that day and the daughters are just whomever they chose. Second, the sons are the godly line of Seth (Sethites) and the women were the worldly women of the lineage of Cain (Cainites). Third, the sons were angels and the daughters were human women. In this chapter we will look at the possibilities of each theory.
Tyrant Rulers
The theory that godly rulers turned into tyrants was proposed by those who took their information only from the Ancient Book of Jasher. Jasher never mentions who these sons of God were, but did say: And their judges and rulers went to the daughters of men and took their wives by force from their husbands according to their choice, and the sons of men, in those days, took from the cattle of the earth the beasts of the field, and the fowls of the air, and taught the mixture of the animals of one species with another… Jasher 4.18 This is nearly identical with Genesis 6:1-4, but notice that these “rulers” also started experimenting with crossbreeding animals. Where did they get this idea and how did they successfully accomplish this? There is more to the story than to say these “rulers” were just some tyrants.
Sethites and Cainites
The second theory is the most popular one today. The Cainites were the first to become corrupt and warlike. The posterity of Seth stayed godly long after the Cainites formed, but eventually they also corrupted themselves. Jewish historian Josephus mentioned the fall of the Cainites who became masters of war. Nay, even while Adam was alive, it came to pass that the posterity of Cain became exceeding wicked, every one successively dying, one after another, more wicked than the former. They were intolerable in war... Josephus 1.2.2 Josephus also mentioned the fall of the Sethites. Now this posterity of Seth continued to esteem God as the Lord of the universe, and to have an entire regard to virtue, for seven generations; but in process of time they were perverted, and forsook the practices of their forefathers; and did neither pay those honors to God which were appointed them, nor had they any concern to do justice towards men. But for what degree of zeal they had formerly shown for virtue, they now showed by their actions a double degree of wickedness, whereby they made God to be their enemy. Josephus 2.3.1 This presents a few problems: It is unlikely that a godly peaceful group suddenly turning evil could conquer a race of master warriors, unless you reverse the text and say that the master warriors (Cainites) took over the Sethites and stole their daughters. But the text does not say the sons of men took the daughters of God. And why is it only ungodly men taking godly women? Why did no ungodly woman marry a godly man and produce a giant? We are told the children of these matches were giants, but inbreeding causes genetic anomalies, but marrying outside of your tribe does not.
Angels and Humans
The third theory has been the standard interpretation for centuries. All the ancient rabbis and all the ancient church fathers up to about AD 300 taught the sons of God were angels and the daughters were human women. After AD 200, a movement began to grow denying the sons were angels but rather were Sethites. In addition to recording the history of the Sethites and Cainites, Josephus also recorded the history of the sons of God of Genesis 6. For many angels of God accompanied with women, and begot sons that proved unjust, and despisers of all that was good, on account of the confidence they had in their own strength; for the tradition is, that these men did what resembled the acts of those whom the Grecians call giants or Titans. Josephus Ant. 1.3.1 Later Josephus mentioned the biblical Amorite giants around Hebron. In Hebron there were till then left the race of giants, who had bodies so large, and countenances so entirely different from other men, that they were surprising to the sight, and terrible to the hearing. The bones of these men are still shown to this very day. Josephus Ant. 5.2.3 Ancient church fathers who taught the sons of God were angels included: Athinogorius, Clement of Alexandria, Titian, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Myetus of Philippi, Philix, Ambrose of Milan, and Origen. Church fathers who taught the sons of God were Sethites included: Theodoran, Jerome, Julius Africanus, Chrysostom, John Calvin, and Martin Luther. If we look carefully at the New Testament we see that Jude quotes from the Book of Enoch (Jude 1:6), which gives an almost complete story of the descent of the two hundred sons of God. Notice that Jude states that God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah because they committed the same sin as the angels, going after “strange flesh.” And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day. Even as Sodom and Gomorrah, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude 1:6-7 Those sons of God who went after strange flesh are chained under darkness, according to Jude. Peter says they are imprisoned in hell (KJV). In the Greek, the word for hell is Tartarus, also referred to as the bottomless pit in Revelation. Peter says their fall occurred before the Flood. For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell [Tartarus], and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment; And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly; and turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes condemned them with an overthrow, making them an ensample unto those that after should live ungodly; 2 Peter 2:4-6 Scripture refers to angels as “sons of God” and “stars” in Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; Deuteronomy 4:19; Isaiah 14:13; Revelation 12:4; 12:9; Genesis 22:17. Christians are referred to as adopted sons of God in Hosea 1:10; John 1:12; Romans 8:14, 19; Philippians 2:15; and 1 John 3:1-2. Conclusion The consistent teaching of the ancient rabbis and ancient church fathers has always been the sons of God were angels. Genetic problems come from inbreeding, not outbreeding. A pacifist group does not suddenly make their own weapons and take over a group of seasoned warriors. When we take these facts and add to them the fact that Enoch has accurate prophecy fulfilled in our lifetime, the conclusion must be that the sons of God were fallen angels.