Are you sure the bible does not teach that? 
"Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand" (Isaiah 53:10).
The Innocent was punished to redeem the guilty from sin.
That verse does not give the slightest indication that Jesus bore the full wrath of God due the sinner.
In fact the Bible clearly teaches that the wrath of God abides on the disobedient. What happened to the wrath of God being satisfied in regards to the disobedient (Eph 5:6, Col 3:6)? Obviously if it still abides on them then it cannot in any measure be claimed to have been satisfied via a substitutional exchange.
Penal Substitution is error and people need to really examine it in light of Scripture. If they do this honestly they will see fall apart and not only that they will see how dangerous a teaching it actually is.
Let's examine the verse you brought up and compare scripture with scripture...
Isa 53:10 Yet it pleased the LORD to
bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.
Does God bruising Jesus therefore putting Him to grief mean that God poured out His wrath on Jesus whereby it was satisfied? By no means, the verse does not say anything like that.
Bruise - H1792 - dâkâ'
A primitive root (compare H1794) to crumble; transitively to bruise (literally or figuratively): - beat to pieces, break (in pieces), bruise, contrite, crush, destroy, humble, oppress, smite.
Keep reading...
Isa 53:11 He shall see of the
travail of his
soul,
and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.
Travail -H5999 - ‛âmâl
From H5998; toil, that is, wearing effort; hence worry, whether of body or mind: - grievance (-vousness), iniquity, labour, mischief, miserable (-sery), pain (-ful), perverseness, sorrow, toil, travail, trouble, wearisome, wickedness.
Soul - H5315 - nephesh
From H5314; properly a breathing creature, that is, animal or (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental): - any, appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead (-ly), desire, X [dis-] contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart (-y), (hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me, mind, mortality, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-, thy-) self, them (your) -selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they, thing, (X she) will, X would have it.
Was God's wrath satisfied by the wickedness of the soul of Jesus? That is what the Reformers would like you to believe. No, look at the context of "travail" for it is not that Jesus was made wicked on our behalf in order that God punish Him, no, the vitality of Jesus was made wretched in His suffering on our behalf, a suffering He did not deserve. Jesus did this on our behalf as an example so that "the many" are "justified by his knowledge." The "bearing of iniquity" is not that Jesus was "made into a guilty sinner" so He could be "justly punished." No. Jesus bore our sins in a figurative sense (vice and virtue are moral issues NOT transferable properties) so that WE CAN DIE TO THOSE SINS via DYING WITH JESUS. God is satisfied with this sin offering of Jesus on our behalf for it brings us back to a right relationship with God.
Look at these verses...
1Pe 2:21 For even hereunto were ye called: because
Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps:
1Pe 2:22 Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth:
1Pe 2:23 Who, when
he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously:
1Pe 2:24
Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we,
being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed.
1Pe 2:25 For
ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.
Read it again. The real substitution is substituting the "service of sin" for the "service of righteousness."
Look at this verse...
1Pe 4:1 Forasmuch then
as Christ hath suffered for us in the flesh, arm yourselves likewise with the same mind: for he that hath suffered in the flesh hath ceased from sin;
1Pe 4:2 That he no longer should live the rest of his time in the flesh to the lusts of men, but to the will of God.
Jesus was showing us HOW TO DIE to sin. Not by obeying rules and regulations but by a DEATH and a REBIRTH. The cross gets to the ROOT of iniquity within the inner man. The HEART must be purged to make it possible to serve God in righteousness.
Look at this passage...
Rom 6:4 Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.
Rom 6:5 For if
we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection:
Rom 6:6 Knowing this, that
our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin.
Rom 6:7 For
he that is dead is freed from sin.
The death of Christ has NOTHING to do with a forensic legal transaction. NOTHING! The death of Christ has EVERYTHING to do with dying to sin and being raised up to newness of life. It has to do with a complete cutting off of the old life (whereby we served sin) and the birth of the new life (whereby we serve righteousness).
Look at this passage...
Rom 8:1 There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.
Rom 8:2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death.
Rom 8:3 For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh:
Rom 8:4 That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.
No condemnation why? Is it because there was a forensic legal exchange where God poured out His wrath on Jesus thus satisfying the pent up wrath He had and thus does not have to pour it out anymore? NO! That is pure nonsense.
There is no condemnation to them that are IN Christ Jesus. Those who are IN Christ Jesus ABIDE in the Spirit of life which is what sets us free. The law could not do that because it only addressed outward conduct and not the heart. So God sent Jesus Christ in the likeness of sinful flesh and by the life He lived He condemned sin in the flesh. He overcame sin.
Why did Jesus do this? Verse 4 gives the answer.
That the righteousness of God be FULFILLED IN US who WALK AFTER THE SPIRIT. That is the exchange and it is not forensic. It is exchanging "walking according to the lusts of the flesh" for "walking according to the leading of the Spirit."
Modern theology totally blinds people from what the Bible is so plainly teaching. These false doctrines get in the mind and cement themselves in deep and immunise the mind from the simple truths of scripture.
Look at this passage...
Col 2:9 For
in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily.
Col 2:10 And
ye are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and power: [Key verse here]
Col 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ:
[The body of sins are PUT OFF]
Col 2:12 Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead.
[This is a direct parallel to Rom 6:4-7 where we are crucified WITH Christ whereby the old man is crucified and the body of sin is DESTROYED, absolutely NOTHING to do with what Penal Substitution teaches]
Col 2:13 And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh,
hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses;
[Compare to Eph 2:1-5]
Eph 2:1 And
you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins;
Eph 2:2 Wherein
in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience:
[See how the service of sin ceases. In times PAST we walked according to the course of this world, NOT ANY MORE! The time of disobedience is PAST.]
Eph 2:3 Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.
[The children of wrath are those who walk according to the lusts of the flesh and mind in disobedience to God. Forgiveness is conditioned on the forsaking of this walk, NOT on a forensic legal transaction where Jesus absorbs this wrath for you.]
Eph 2:4 But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us,
Eph 2:5 Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved
[It is the QUICKENING which saves. Compare to Jam 1:21 where it speaks of the IMPLANTED WORD which saves the soul. Salvation is wrought via cooperating with God (ie. yielding which means BEING FAITHFUL) whereby the ENERGY of God FLOWS THROUGH US. This is what "saved by grace through faith means."]
Col 2:14 Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross;
[The law is done away IN Christ, not the righteousness of the law ONLY THE LETTER hence the "handwriting of ordinances" because righteousness is by a "faith that works by love" (Gal 5:6) not via things like circumcision (Gal 5:4-5).]
Col 2:15 And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it.
[Jesus conquered sin in the flesh (Rom 8:3).]
Col 2:16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days:
[We are not to judge outwardly for rules and rituals have nothing to do with HEART PURITY.]
Col 2:17 Which are
a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.
Where does the Bible teach Penal Substition? It doesn't, not anywhere. Those who promote this deadly doctrine isolate and proof text single verses and use conjecture to READ INTO those verses their doctrine. Remember this doctrine is only 400 years old. It is of recent invention, a development of Anselm's 11th century satisfaction model. Anselm taught that justice was upheld by the death of Christ while the Reformers taught that wrath was upheld.
Satisfaction Model - Justice Satisfied
Penal Model - Wrath Satisfied.
Traditions of men all of it. I can certainly see some logical sense in what Anselm taught although I see him teaching that which the scriptures do not teach and thus supplanting the "change of the heart" with "justice being satisfied." The Penal Model is complete contradictory nonsense with no foundation whatsoever. People only believe it because that is what they have been taught.
Here is something else Jesus taught...
Luk 9:22 Saying, The Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be slain, and be raised the third day.
Luk 9:23 And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me.
Luk 9:24 For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: but whosoever will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it.
That is the cross in a nutshell straight from the mouth of Jesus. It is the putting off of the old life for the new.
Penal Substitition is simply not taught in the Bible.
