From the books I read about it, yes it had to have two necessary ways---it had to be within a community and it had to include more than just the legalistic or only physical without any spiritual involvement.
The lady who became a protestant believer incorporated many rituals in her day to day living without the entire community, but she found a group to share these ideas with her. Also, she never used any of these ideas as an end in itself. She worked on the principle that taking on the mind of Christ was the important thing, but it should not be separated from how she lived day to day. For instance, instead of washing hands being only a matter of physically being clean, she allowed it to also have a spiritual meaning of cleaning herself spiritually, the ideas were related and could not be separate.