Here is a good site that explains the Catholic view of Salvation, and the Scripture that supports it. They've also got some interesting quotes from the Early Church Fathers, as well. Have a look.
http://scripturecatholic.com/salvation.html
Kujo, you asked what Jesus said? Good question, it is Jesus' view that matters to us. So what did Our Lord say?
"For the Son of Man is going to come in his Father's glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person according to what he has done." Matt. 16:27
Parable of the Sheep and the Goats, where the "goats" are punished for not feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, etc. Matt. 25:31-46
What about Luke 12:43-48? "But the one who does not know and does things deserving punishment will be beaten with few blows. From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and from the one who has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked." - Luke 12:48
The above verse applies to the Thief on the Cross. Some Protestants say, "Well how did he get saved, then?" Because his work was accepting the Lord Jesus as his saviour, and as he was only Christian for all of a few hours, less was expected of him.
"For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad." 2 Cor. 5:10