When Paul said one is not justified by works and James said one is justified by works, they are not contradicting but are speaking about different types of works.
It's not different types of works, it's
different types of justification. In the Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, the Greek word for justified "dikaioo" #1344 is:
1. to render righteous or such he ought to be
2. to show, exhibit, evince, one to be righteous, such as he is and wishes himself to be considered
3. to declare, pronounce, one to be just, righteous, or such as he ought to be
In the Bible the word "justified" is often used in the "legal" (judicial) sense. Paul often uses the word "justified" in this "legal" sense (Romans 3:24,28; 5:1; 5:9; 8:30 etc..). The word justified is also used in a "declarative sense." James has this aspect of justification in mind. As we have seen, his concern is to show the reality of the faith professed by the individual (James 2:18) and demonstrate that the faith claimed (James 2:14) by the individual is genuine. This is why James says I will
SHOW you my faith by my works.
God is said to have been
justified by those who were baptized by John the Baptist (Luke 7:29). This act pronounced or declared God to be righteous. It did not make him righteous. The basis or ground for the pronouncement was the fact that God IS righteous. Notice that the NIV reads,
"acknowledged that God's way was right.." The ESV reads,
"they declared God just.." This is the sense in which God was justified,
"shown to be righteous" not accounted as righteous.
Matthew 11:19 "The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, 'Behold, a gluttonous man and a drunkard, a friend of tax-gatherers and sinners!' Yet wisdom is
justified/vindicated/shown to be right by her deeds.
James is not using the word "justified" to mean "accounted as righteous" but is "shown to be righteous?" James is discussing the proof of faith
(says-claims to have faith but has no works/I will show you my faith by my works), not the initial act of being accounted as righteous with God? (Romans 4:2-3). The harmony of "saved through faith, not works" (Paul) and "justified by works and not by faith only" (James) is seen in the differing ways that Paul and James use the term "justified." Paul, when he uses the term, refers to the
legal (judicial) act of God by which He accounts the sinner righteous. James, however is using the term to describe those who would
show the genuineness of their faith by the works that they do.
--The works Paul speaks about is when one tired to merit ones salvation by trying to keep the OT law perfectly.
This is the same argument that Roman Catholics use as well in a vain effort to teach that we are saved by works. Trying to merit ones salvation would includes good works, which are a part of the moral aspect of the law. In Matthew 22:37-40, we read: Jesus said to him, 'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.' This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like it: 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'
On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets. Please tell me, which good works, works of obedience, works of righteousness could a Christian accomplish that are
completely detached from these two great commandments which are found in the law of Moses? (Deuteronomy 6:5; Leviticus 19:18). This is the moral aspect of the law. Are there any genuine good works that Christians do which fall outside of loving God and our neighbor as ourself? See how your "distinction" between "works" and "obedient works" falls apart and is not supported by scripture? The Bible nowhere teaches that we are "saved by" works/works of obedience/works of righteousness. To the contrary we find - (Romans 4:5-6; Ephesians 2:8,9; Titus 3:5; 2 Timothy 1:9).
--The works James speaks about are obedient works in doing the will of God. Obeying God's will is what perfects faith.
Obedient works are good works which are not detached from the moral aspect of the law found in the two great commandments and we are not saved by works, but through faith. It's that simple.
Failing to obey the will of God leaves one's faith imperfect, dead.
Failing to obey the
will of God by looking to the Son and
believing in Him leaves one's faith dead and unable to save (John 6:40).
Abraham obeyed the will of God in offering Isaac thereby perfecting his faith.
Faith made perfect or completed by works means bring to maturity, carry to the end, to complete like love in 1 John 4:18. It doesn't mean that Abraham was finally saved based on his works. When Abraham performed the good work in Genesis 22; he fulfilled the expectations created by the pronouncement of his faith in Genesis 15:6. In James 2:21, notice closely that James
does not say that Abraham's work of offering up Isaac resulted in God's accounting Abraham as righteous. No! The accounting of Abraham's faith as righteousness was made in Genesis 15:6,
many years before his work of offering up Isaac recorded in Genesis 22. The work of Abraham did not have some kind of intrinsic merit to save his soul, but it
proved or manifested the genuineness of his faith. This is the sense in which Abraham was justified by works, "shown to be righteous."
If Abraham had lack of obedient works in not offering Isaac, that would have left his faith imperfect, dead leaving Abraham unjustified before God.
Abraham was already justified by faith when he
believed the Lord and it was accounted to him for righteousness (Genesis 15:6; Romans 4:2-3) many years before he obeyed the Lord in Genesis 22. If Abraham would have refused to sacrifice Isaac, he would have demonstrated a lack of faith, but that was not the case.