He postulates some common arguments and then he answers them in next chapters.
BTW the book's name is On the Origin of Species.
Also, I recommend to you to look at events and discoveries that brought Darwin
to his hypothesis.Its more in his diary, though.
Darwin used the Haeckel lie.
Most biology textbooks have a section about evolution. One of the favorite “proofs” commonly
included in such a chapter is the similarity of embryos from a variety of animals and man.
This information may be traced back to embryologist Ernest Haeckel in the mid-1800s.
Haeckel published pictures he claimed were the embryos of a fish, salamander, tortoise,
chicken, hog, calf, rabbit and human being. He tried to show that the embryos look similar in
the early stages of development. This was supposed to show they all had a common ancestor.
The problem is, the pictures were not accurate; in fact, they were faked.
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Jonathan Wells wrote in his book Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth?, “When Haeckel’s
embryos are viewed side by side with actual embryos, there can be no doubt that his drawings
were deliberately distorted to fit his theory.”
This fraud was known and published as early as 1894 by Professor Adam Sedgwick
of Cambridge University, who wrote that the similarities reported by Haeckel are
“not in accordance with the facts of development.”
Scientists continue to find fault with the “evolutionary evidence” created by Haeckel.
In 1977, “Erich Blechschmidt noted: ‘The early stages of human embryonic development are
distinct from the early development of other species.’ And in 1987, Richard Elinson reported
that frogs, chicks, and mice ‘are radically different in such fundamental properties as egg size,
fertilization mechanisms, cleavage patterns, and [gastrulation] movements’” (Wells, op. cit.).
Even Darwin used the Haeckel lie. In his famous book, On the Origin of Species, Darwin
called the similarity of embryos as reported by Haeckel “the strongest single class of facts”
for evolution. The father of the “theory” of evolution used evidence from science literature
already known to be false.
There had already been many articles published in the mid-to-late 1800s which disproved
the drawings of Haeckel, making it inconceivable that Darwin was not aware of the fraud.
Yet he included Haeckel’s pictures not only as evidence for evolution,
but also called them “the strongest single class of facts.”