Jeremiah 31 the passage you have used does the opposite.The Bible does present the Ten Commandments as the covenant itself. In Exodus 34:28, it is written:
"So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; he neither ate bread nor drank water. And He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments."
"So He declared to you His covenant which He commanded you to perform, the Ten Commandments; and He wrote them on two tablets of stone (Deuteronomy 4:13, NKJV)
This clearly states that the Ten Commandments are the covenant. When we look at Jeremiah 31:31-33, we see God speaking of a new covenant, but notice what He says:
"Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the Lord.
But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people."
This passage does not say the law itself would change. Instead, it tells us that the ten commandments that are the covenant instead of being written on stone tablets, would be written in our hearts and minds. That means the law remains the same, but its place changes, from external tablets to internal conviction. This is why we see in the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke and Mark, Jesus teaching the commandments and magnifying them.
Now, let's connect this with the Ark of the Covenant. In Deuteronomy 10:1-5, God commanded Moses to place the two tablets of the Ten Commandments inside the Ark:
"At that time the Lord said to me, ‘Hew for yourself two tablets of stone like the first, and come up to Me on the mountain, and make yourself an ark of wood... Then I turned and came down from the mountain, and put the tablets in the ark which I had made; and there they are, just as the Lord commanded me.’"
This shows the special place of the Ten Commandments, inside the Ark, symbolizing their central role in the covenant. But what about the rest of the law? In Deuteronomy 31:24-26, Moses wrote the book of the law and placed it beside the Ark:
"So it was, when Moses had completed writing the words of this law in a book, when they were finished, that Moses commanded the Levites, who bore the ark of the covenant of the Lord, saying: ‘Take this Book of the Law, and put it beside the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, that it may be there as a witness against you.’”
This distinction is important. The Ten Commandments being described clearly as the Covenant were placed inside the Ark of the Covenant, showing their eternal, unchanging nature as the foundation of the covenant. The rest of the law was placed beside the Ark, acting as a witness.
Now, when Jeremiah speaks of the law being written in our hearts, he is speaking of the same law, the Ten Commandments. The "new" part of the covenant is not that the law changes but that God Himself ensures it is within us, guiding us from within rather than being an external set of rules. This aligns perfectly with how Jesus upheld and fulfilled the law, always pointing back to love for God and neighbor as the foundation of obedience (Matthew 22:36-40).
So, the New Covenant is not about replacing the Ten Commandments but about making them part of who we are.
Blessings
Jeremiah 31:31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
The word new is chadash. Which of course means fresh or new.
The lexicon gives the ways that the word is used and the range in which they are used.
2. Replacement of the old with a superior order (Jeremiah 31:31).
Jeremiah 31:32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
The word not in Hebrew is lo. It means of course no, never, not.
That word when it is used and in the order it is used it will negate what follows.
Such as you shall not kill. You shall not have graven images. The way it is placed in verse 32 it is doing the same it negates the covenant that God made with them.
Why because we are going to get a new covenant one that is superior to the old. The old was negated when the new came.
John 13:34 A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another
The word new is kainos. It means new, fresh, unused, novel.
The Lexicon shows how that word is being used.
b. as respects substance; of a new kind; unprecedented, novel, uncommon, unheard of (ἑτέρα καί καινά δαιμόνια, Xenophon, mem. 1, 1, 1): διδαχή, Mark 1:27; Acts 17:19; ἐντολή, given now for the first time, John 13:34;
Christ gave us a new commandment for the first time one that is superior to the old.
Here is the old covenant made between God and man and man's expectation and standard was his best.
Love the Lord with all your strength, all your might, all your mind. Love your neighbor as yourself.
Under the new a covenant made between God and God we are to use Christ/God as the standard.
Love as I have loved you. Esteem others better than ourselves. Under the old we are the standard and that limited and we could not even do that. Under the new God is the standard and he is limitless. As he comes and dwells in us so that we can do all things through Christ.
When it comes to the old and the new and mixing we are told that will not work.
Luke 5:37-38 37And no man putteth new wine into old bottles; else the new wine will burst the bottles, and be spilled, and the bottles shall perish. 38But new wine must be put into new bottles; and both are preserved.
Verse 39 No man also having drunk old wine straightway desireth new: for he saith, The old is better.
better is chréstos. It means good, useful.
How is it being used when we look at the lexicon.
Luke 5:39 notes the natural human bias: “And no one after drinking old wine wants new, for he says, ‘The old is better.’” Here the word functions comparatively, describing the perceived excellence of what is already known. The saying exposes the resistance of human tradition to the fresh inbreaking of the kingdom, even when that kingdom brings the truest good.
2 John 1:5 And now I beseech thee, lady, not as though I wrote a new commandment unto thee, but that which we had from the beginning, that we love one another.
beginning is arché: Beginning, origin, ruler, authority, principality
it's usage: b. in a relative sense, of the beginning of the thing spoken of: ἐξ ἀρχῆς, from the time when Jesus gathered disciples, John 6:64; John 16:4; ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, John 15:27 (since I appeared in public); as soon as instruction was imparted, 1 John 2
I John 3:16-17
16Hereby perceive we the love of God, because he laid down his life for us: and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren. 17But whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him?
23-24
23And this is his commandment, That we should believe on the name of his Son Jesus Christ, and love one another, as he gave us commandment. 24And he that keepeth his commandments dwelleth in him, and he in him. And hereby we know that he abideth in us, by the Spirit which he hath given us.
Simon Peter do you love me, feed my sheep, feed my lambs.
We are under a superior covenant with superior commands as the standard is God and the way he loves. We as the old standard under the new covenant we are not to use ourselves as the measuring point. In fact under the new we are to crucify ourselves our flesh. Which now by doing so this is our sacrifice.