Revolution in Iran

  • Christian Chat is a moderated online Christian community allowing Christians around the world to fellowship with each other in real time chat via webcam, voice, and text, with the Christian Chat app. You can also start or participate in a Bible-based discussion here in the Christian Chat Forums, where members can also share with each other their own videos, pictures, or favorite Christian music.

    If you are a Christian and need encouragement and fellowship, we're here for you! If you are not a Christian but interested in knowing more about Jesus our Lord, you're also welcome! Want to know what the Bible says, and how you can apply it to your life? Join us!

    To make new Christian friends now around the world, click here to join Christian Chat.
I know what the Shemitah is. This isn't about that nor is it about years. It's about the reign of the Antichrist and the Beast near the end of the world. It's a lot of reading but these are all talking about one and the same event.

Daniel 9:24-27

Daniel 11:21-45

Daniel 12

Revelation 13
Actually the primary focus of end time prophecy is the redemption of the wife of YHVH the Nation Israel.

The Bride the Church just so happens to fill the gap.
 
Lol. A 365.25 day Shemitah or a 360 day Shemitah?
What is this clown world? A week of years begins on Feast of Trumpets. and seven years later ends before the 8th Feast of trumpets starts. That is a Hebrew calendar, not a Gregorian. For example, Feast of Trumpets in 2026 is September 11, and seven years later Feast of Trumpets in 2033 is September 25th. That is 2,571 days. So this is 51 days longer than the Antichrist reign. The seventieth week kicks off with the Lord's judgement on the church and it ends with Jesus in Victory with His saints after the armies of Antichrist have been defeated. The day of the Lord is not about Antichrist, it is about the Lord Jesus Christ. It is His day, His judgement, His victory. Antichrist is simply a pawn.
 
The 70th week is just that, a week of years, or seven years. Antichrist does not reign for the whole time, his reign is 2,520 days, that is 84 months that are 30 days each and his reign ends on the 9th of Av with the Jews realizing the curse is over on the 15th of Av. There is absolutely no scriptural basis to say that the Day of the Lord or the seventieth week is 2,520 days. That is specifically the period of Time that the antichrist reigns until he is defeated. Likewise there is no scriptural basis to say that the ministry of the two witnesses, which is 1,260 days is precisely in the first half of the Antichrist's reign. People who teach this are making baseless assumptions that they haven't tested because they do not fit any biblical prophecies relevant to that. You can make a case from the Bible that the two witnesses begin their ministry on the first day of Hanukah and are killed on 2nd Passover. But you cannot make a case that Antichrist begins then. The two witnesses were prefigured by the Maccabees and they were responding to Antiochus Epiphanes. The very typology proves the man of sin is revealed first, then the second the two witnesses begin their ministry second. And both of those things happen after the rapture, after the restrainer has been removed.
Aaahhh look man, the Satan-man rules for only 42 months. Are you on tilt?

Revelation 13:5
"The beast was given a mouth to utter proud words and blasphemies and to exercise its authority for forty-two months."

Revelation 11:2
"But exclude the outer court; do not measure it, because it has been given to the Gentiles. They will trample the holy city for 42 months."

Revelation 12:14
"The woman was given the two wings of a great eagle, so that she might fly to the place prepared for her in the wilderness, where she would be taken care of for a time, times and half a time, out of the serpent’s reach."

Daniel 9:27: Explains that this ruler will confirm a covenant for seven years, but "in the middle of the 'seven' he will put an end to sacrifice and offering," leaving 3.5 years of desolation.
 
  • Like
Reactions: LTTexan
What is this clown world? A week of years begins on Feast of Trumpets. and seven years later ends before the 8th Feast of trumpets starts. That is a Hebrew calendar, not a Gregorian. For example, Feast of Trumpets in 2026 is September 11, and seven years later Feast of Trumpets in 2033 is September 25th. That is 2,571 days. So this is 51 days longer than the Antichrist reign. The seventieth week kicks off with the Lord's judgement on the church and it ends with Jesus in Victory with His saints after the armies of Antichrist have been defeated. The day of the Lord is not about Antichrist, it is about the Lord Jesus Christ. It is His day, His judgement, His victory. Antichrist is simply a pawn.
Yea... the prophetic year of Daniel is 360 days. Shemitah or plain vanilla.
 
The 70th week is just that, a week of years, or seven years. Antichrist does not reign for the whole time, his reign is 2,520 days, that is 84 months that are 30 days each and his reign ends on the 9th of Av with the Jews realizing the curse is over on the 15th of Av. There is absolutely no scriptural basis to say that the Day of the Lord or the seventieth week is 2,520 days. That is specifically the period of Time that the antichrist reigns until he is defeated. Likewise there is no scriptural basis to say that the ministry of the two witnesses, which is 1,260 days is precisely in the first half of the Antichrist's reign. People who teach this are making baseless assumptions that they haven't tested because they do not fit any biblical prophecies relevant to that. You can make a case from the Bible that the two witnesses begin their ministry on the first day of Hanukah and are killed on 2nd Passover. But you cannot make a case that Antichrist begins then. The two witnesses were prefigured by the Maccabees and they were responding to Antiochus Epiphanes. The very typology proves the man of sin is revealed first, then the second the two witnesses begin their ministry second. And both of those things happen after the rapture, after the restrainer has been removed.
No, the 70th week is just the last week in the 70 weeks. I don't understand where you are getting 2,520 days from.

The two witnesses aren't the Maccabees. The two witnesses testify and prophesy during the second woe against the last generation before even Satan is thrown down to the Earth (which is the third woe). When Satan is cast down to the Earth with 1/3 of the angels that he seduced then he shares his power with the Antichrist and the Beast.
 
Actually the primary focus of end time prophecy is the redemption of the wife of YHVH the Nation Israel.

The Bride the Church just so happens to fill the gap.

You're close but the focus of the end time prophecies is the end of the world which ultimately occurs at the Revelation of the Father's face (hence the title of the book). The Bride is the Kingdom of God, the body of all the believers of God.

There is no gap.
 
Aaahhh look man, the Satan-man rules for only 42 months. Are you on tilt?

Revelation 13:5
"The beast was given a mouth to utter proud words and blasphemies and to exercise its authority for forty-two months."

Revelation 11:2
"But exclude the outer court; do not measure it, because it has been given to the Gentiles. They will trample the holy city for 42 months."

Revelation 12:14
"The woman was given the two wings of a great eagle, so that she might fly to the place prepared for her in the wilderness, where she would be taken care of for a time, times and half a time, out of the serpent’s reach."

Daniel 9:27: Explains that this ruler will confirm a covenant for seven years, but "in the middle of the 'seven' he will put an end to sacrifice and offering," leaving 3.5 years of desolation.
Why would you think the "beast" equals the Antichrist? The antichrist is a man. The term means "counterfeit Christ" and there will be one world leader as a counterfeit to Jesus Christ the king of kings. This is during the "seventieth week". That is a week of years. That term is never equated with 360 days. Rather the bible does equate time, times and half a time with 1,260 days, which is 42 months that are 30 days each. The Bible also uses the term that the Lord warns Israel that if they persist in their sins they will be punished "seven times" . It doesn't say for "one week" or for seven years but seven times. Based on that loose understanding we see the seventieth week as the last seven years, and in that seven years you have Israel being punished seven times. But they aren't punished for the entire seven years. A week of years begins on Rosh Hashanah, and the curse will be ended on the 15th of Av, that is 45 days before Rosh Hashanah.

To say we know exactly how long the Antichrist will be in power is not fully true. We have an idea. We know that the Antichrist is involved in confirming the covenant for one week, that is seven years. We know he is not revealed until after the rapture and that could be a couple of weeks after. We also know he and his army are defeated before the seventieth week is over. We also know in the middle of the seventieth week he dies and is resucitated. We know that the second half of the seventieth week is 1,260 days for the beast, again, the beast will be defeated before the end of the seventieth week. We also know that the two witnesses begin their ministry after the Antichrist is revealed and have the ministry for 1,260 days. So then we know that the seventieth week begins on Feast of Trumpets. (For reference I'll convert these dates to the Gregorian calendar so that you can get a rough idea. Feast of Trumpets in 2026 is 9/11. First day of Hanukah is December 4th. That is a span of about 84 days. In between those two dates a man of sin prefigured by Antiochus Epiphanes is revealed and persecutes Christians and Jews.). If he is revealed 21 days after the rapture and defeated 45 days before the next Feast of trumpets his reign is 66 days less than the 70th week. But this person is only referred to as "the beast" after his mortal wound in the middle of the seventieth week.
 
No, the 70th week is just the last week in the 70 weeks. I don't understand where you are getting 2,520 days from.

The two witnesses aren't the Maccabees. The two witnesses testify and prophesy during the second woe against the last generation before even Satan is thrown down to the Earth (which is the third woe). When Satan is cast down to the Earth with 1/3 of the angels that he seduced then he shares his power with the Antichrist and the Beast.
Antiochus Epiphanes prefigures the Antichrist during the tribulation. The Maccabees fleeing to the wilderness is described clearly as a type of what happens to God's people during the tribulation. Zechariah, Revelation, and other places make the connection clear.
 
Yea... the prophetic year of Daniel is 360 days. Shemitah or plain vanilla.
Why because of some interpretation from the Bible? Where in the Bible do you get this? The closest you can come is the term time, times and half a time equal to 1,260 days. Clearly not using the term year or week of years, etc.
 
Antiochus Epiphanes prefigures the Antichrist during the tribulation. The Maccabees fleeing to the wilderness is described clearly as a type of what happens to God's people during the tribulation. Zechariah, Revelation, and other places make the connection clear.

No, Antiochus very famously oppressed the jews and ruled them by force of arms and he also already had control of the land of Israel when he began to reign. The Maccabees led a revolt against him they didn't flee to the wilderness, they fought a guerilla war. The Antichrist by comparison enters the land in peace and overthrows with flatteries and makes covenants with them before he establishes the abomination of desolation.
 
Why would you think the "beast" equals the Antichrist? The antichrist is a man. The term means "counterfeit Christ" and there will be one world leader as a counterfeit to Jesus Christ the king of kings. This is during the "seventieth week". That is a week of years. That term is never equated with 360 days. Rather the bible does equate time, times and half a time with 1,260 days, which is 42 months that are 30 days each. The Bible also uses the term that the Lord warns Israel that if they persist in their sins they will be punished "seven times" . It doesn't say for "one week" or for seven years but seven times. Based on that loose understanding we see the seventieth week as the last seven years, and in that seven years you have Israel being punished seven times. But they aren't punished for the entire seven years. A week of years begins on Rosh Hashanah, and the curse will be ended on the 15th of Av, that is 45 days before Rosh Hashanah.

To say we know exactly how long the Antichrist will be in power is not fully true. We have an idea. We know that the Antichrist is involved in confirming the covenant for one week, that is seven years. We know he is not revealed until after the rapture and that could be a couple of weeks after. We also know he and his army are defeated before the seventieth week is over. We also know in the middle of the seventieth week he dies and is resucitated. We know that the second half of the seventieth week is 1,260 days for the beast, again, the beast will be defeated before the end of the seventieth week. We also know that the two witnesses begin their ministry after the Antichrist is revealed and have the ministry for 1,260 days. So then we know that the seventieth week begins on Feast of Trumpets. (For reference I'll convert these dates to the Gregorian calendar so that you can get a rough idea. Feast of Trumpets in 2026 is 9/11. First day of Hanukah is December 4th. That is a span of about 84 days. In between those two dates a man of sin prefigured by Antiochus Epiphanes is revealed and persecutes Christians and Jews.). If he is revealed 21 days after the rapture and defeated 45 days before the next Feast of trumpets his reign is 66 days less than the 70th week. But this person is only referred to as "the beast" after his mortal wound in the middle of the seventieth week.
"That is a week of years. That term is never equated with 360 days. "

Nobody said it did....certainly not me.
It's obviously 7 X 360 days in length, only 42 (30) day months of which the Satan-man's reign of terror reaches its zenith.
 
Why would you think the "beast" equals the Antichrist? The antichrist is a man. The term means "counterfeit Christ" and there will be one world leader as a counterfeit to Jesus Christ the king of kings. This is during the "seventieth week". That is a week of years. That term is never equated with 360 days. Rather the bible does equate time, times and half a time with 1,260 days, which is 42 months that are 30 days each. The Bible also uses the term that the Lord warns Israel that if they persist in their sins they will be punished "seven times" . It doesn't say for "one week" or for seven years but seven times. Based on that loose understanding we see the seventieth week as the last seven years, and in that seven years you have Israel being punished seven times. But they aren't punished for the entire seven years. A week of years begins on Rosh Hashanah, and the curse will be ended on the 15th of Av, that is 45 days before Rosh Hashanah.

To say we know exactly how long the Antichrist will be in power is not fully true. We have an idea. We know that the Antichrist is involved in confirming the covenant for one week, that is seven years. We know he is not revealed until after the rapture and that could be a couple of weeks after. We also know he and his army are defeated before the seventieth week is over. We also know in the middle of the seventieth week he dies and is resucitated. We know that the second half of the seventieth week is 1,260 days for the beast, again, the beast will be defeated before the end of the seventieth week. We also know that the two witnesses begin their ministry after the Antichrist is revealed and have the ministry for 1,260 days. So then we know that the seventieth week begins on Feast of Trumpets. (For reference I'll convert these dates to the Gregorian calendar so that you can get a rough idea. Feast of Trumpets in 2026 is 9/11. First day of Hanukah is December 4th. That is a span of about 84 days. In between those two dates a man of sin prefigured by Antiochus Epiphanes is revealed and persecutes Christians and Jews.). If he is revealed 21 days after the rapture and defeated 45 days before the next Feast of trumpets his reign is 66 days less than the 70th week. But this person is only referred to as "the beast" after his mortal wound in the middle of the seventieth week.
This "beast" declared to be both the man and his kingdom.

The Satan-man has his beast kingdom.
The God-man has His righteous kingdom.
 
  • Like
Reactions: SonJudgment
Why would you think the "beast" equals the Antichrist? The antichrist is a man. The term means "counterfeit Christ" and there will be one world leader as a counterfeit to Jesus Christ the king of kings. This is during the "seventieth week". That is a week of years. That term is never equated with 360 days. Rather the bible does equate time, times and half a time with 1,260 days, which is 42 months that are 30 days each. The Bible also uses the term that the Lord warns Israel that if they persist in their sins they will be punished "seven times" . It doesn't say for "one week" or for seven years but seven times. Based on that loose understanding we see the seventieth week as the last seven years, and in that seven years you have Israel being punished seven times. But they aren't punished for the entire seven years. A week of years begins on Rosh Hashanah, and the curse will be ended on the 15th of Av, that is 45 days before Rosh Hashanah.

To say we know exactly how long the Antichrist will be in power is not fully true. We have an idea. We know that the Antichrist is involved in confirming the covenant for one week, that is seven years. We know he is not revealed until after the rapture and that could be a couple of weeks after. We also know he and his army are defeated before the seventieth week is over. We also know in the middle of the seventieth week he dies and is resucitated. We know that the second half of the seventieth week is 1,260 days for the beast, again, the beast will be defeated before the end of the seventieth week. We also know that the two witnesses begin their ministry after the Antichrist is revealed and have the ministry for 1,260 days. So then we know that the seventieth week begins on Feast of Trumpets. (For reference I'll convert these dates to the Gregorian calendar so that you can get a rough idea. Feast of Trumpets in 2026 is 9/11. First day of Hanukah is December 4th. That is a span of about 84 days. In between those two dates a man of sin prefigured by Antiochus Epiphanes is revealed and persecutes Christians and Jews.). If he is revealed 21 days after the rapture and defeated 45 days before the next Feast of trumpets his reign is 66 days less than the 70th week. But this person is only referred to as "the beast" after his mortal wound in the middle of the seventieth week.
"So then we know that the seventieth week begins on Feast of Trumpets."

Highly probable!
And matches the OT Jericho sequence perfectly.
 
Yea just to clarify, I know we been over this before way back in the pages of the topic, but to refresh, the Beast of the Sea is the kingdom, it corresponds to the fourth beast of Daniel 7. The Beast of the Earth is the Man of Sin, the proper noun Antichrist that corresponds to the little horn of the Beast of the Sea and the final king of the North in Daniel 11. The Antichrist makes the abomination of desolation, an idol that is in the image of the Beast of the Sea. Satan, the ancient serpent, the red dragon shares his power and his authority with the Beast of the Sea and the Beast of the Earth. All three of these figures are described in Revelation 13. Really just the fact that Satan will be down here and out in the open and being worshipped by the wicked last generation leaves basically no need to guess who the Antichrist is or that the Apocalypse time era is happening. It's so overt as well as the judgments of God being poured out upon them being so cosmically scaled and extreme that there is just no possible way to miss or mistake the end of days.
 
Yea just to clarify, I know we been over this before way back in the pages of the topic, but to refresh, the Beast of the Sea is the kingdom, it corresponds to the fourth beast of Daniel 7. The Beast of the Earth is the Man of Sin, the proper noun Antichrist that corresponds to the little horn of the Beast of the Sea and the final king of the North in Daniel 11. The Antichrist makes the abomination of desolation, an idol that is in the image of the Beast of the Sea. Satan, the ancient serpent, the red dragon shares his power and his authority with the Beast of the Sea and the Beast of the Earth. All three of these figures are described in Revelation 13. Really just the fact that Satan will be down here and out in the open and being worshipped by the wicked last generation leaves basically no need to guess who the Antichrist is or that the Apocalypse time era is happening. It's so overt as well as the judgments of God being poured out upon them being so cosmically scaled and extreme that there is just no possible way to miss or mistake the end of days.
"Beast of the Earth is the Man of Sin"

Nope. That would be the false prophet unholy spirit entity of the counterfeit trinity.

Yes, in biblical prophecy and Christian eschatology (the study of end times), the beast from the earth described in Revelation 13:11 is widely understood to be the **False Prophet**.

While Revelation 13 introduces him as the "beast coming up out of the earth," the author of Revelation explicitly switches to the title "False Prophet" later in the book to describe this exact same entity.

## The Biblical Evidence
We can verify they are the same entity by looking at their identical descriptions and actions across different chapters:

* **Performing Deceptive Miracles:** Revelation 13:14 says the earth-beast "deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the [first] beast." Later, Revelation 19:20 says the False Prophet "wrought miracles before [the beast], with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast."

* **The Mark and the Image:** Revelation 13 explains that the earth-beast forces people to worship the image of the first beast and receive his mark. Revelation 19:20 explicitly ties these exact actions to the False Prophet.

* **Their Shared Fate:** The ultimate proof of their identity comes at the end of the narrative, where the first beast (the Antichrist) and this second entity are cast together into the lake of fire.

## Their Roles: A Counterfeit Trinity
Scholars often point out that Revelation presents a dark, counterfeit parody of the Holy Trinity:

1. **The Dragon (Satan):** Acts as the counterfeit of God the Father, providing the source of power and authority.
2. **The Beast from the Sea (The Antichrist):** Acts as the counterfeit of God the Son (Jesus), even featuring a mock resurrection via a "deadly wound that was healed."
3. **The Beast from the Earth (The False Prophet):** Acts as the counterfeit of the Holy Spirit. Just as the Holy Spirit does not seek his own glory but points people to Jesus, the False Prophet does not seek his own glory but uses signs, wonders, and speech to direct all worship to the Antichrist. His "two horns like a lamb" suggest a deceptive appearance of gentleness or religious purity, but his voice is "like
a dragon."
 
  • Like
Reactions: LTTexan
"Beast of the Earth is the Man of Sin"

Nope. That would be the false prophet unholy spirit entity of the counterfeit trinity.

Yes, in biblical prophecy and Christian eschatology (the study of end times), the beast from the earth described in Revelation 13:11 is widely understood to be the **False Prophet**.

While Revelation 13 introduces him as the "beast coming up out of the earth," the author of Revelation explicitly switches to the title "False Prophet" later in the book to describe this exact same entity.

## The Biblical Evidence
We can verify they are the same entity by looking at their identical descriptions and actions across different chapters:

* **Performing Deceptive Miracles:** Revelation 13:14 says the earth-beast "deceiveth them that dwell on the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the sight of the [first] beast." Later, Revelation 19:20 says the False Prophet "wrought miracles before [the beast], with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast."

* **The Mark and the Image:** Revelation 13 explains that the earth-beast forces people to worship the image of the first beast and receive his mark. Revelation 19:20 explicitly ties these exact actions to the False Prophet.

* **Their Shared Fate:** The ultimate proof of their identity comes at the end of the narrative, where the first beast (the Antichrist) and this second entity are cast together into the lake of fire.

## Their Roles: A Counterfeit Trinity
Scholars often point out that Revelation presents a dark, counterfeit parody of the Holy Trinity:

1. **The Dragon (Satan):** Acts as the counterfeit of God the Father, providing the source of power and authority.
2. **The Beast from the Sea (The Antichrist):** Acts as the counterfeit of God the Son (Jesus), even featuring a mock resurrection via a "deadly wound that was healed."
3. **The Beast from the Earth (The False Prophet):** Acts as the counterfeit of the Holy Spirit. Just as the Holy Spirit does not seek his own glory but points people to Jesus, the False Prophet does not seek his own glory but uses signs, wonders, and speech to direct all worship to the Antichrist. His "two horns like a lamb" suggest a deceptive appearance of gentleness or religious purity, but his voice is "like
a dragon."
The Man of Sin and the False Prophet are one and the same they are the same as the little horn, the horns are the kings of that kingdom. The Beast of the Sea is the spirit of the kingdom, this is reinforced by Daniel 7 just over all, but explicitly stated in Daniel 7:23-24 and also corresponds with the kingdom described in Daniel 11, with the Man of Sin being the same that rises up in Daniel 11:21 and onwards.
 
Shemitah is the sabbath year. In Daniel 9 he talks about 70 weeks. That term week means a group of seven and in this case it is seven years, the seventh year of each of these weeks is a Shemitah. How can you pretend to teach about the seventieth week if you you don't even understand that?

Yes, under the law of Moses the land was to be given a rest from sowing and harvesting every seven years (Leviticus 25:1-7), but the Israelites in their greed to be rich violated this command for 70 sabbath years, therefore the land was given rest for the 70 years that they spent in captivity (2Chronicles 36:21).
70 violated sabbath years would take 490 years to violate, hence the significance of these numbers.
We should understand by this that it is not acceptable to insert a gap or an extended last week into Daniels 70 weeks.
The last year of the Babylonian captivity was not extended, neither did the last 7 years of the violation continue for an undefined time period.

Well that is because of this 70 weeks doctrine which is the same thing as forgiving someone 70x7 times

This refers to Mathew 18:22.
Yes, Jesus did not just say that number (70x7) at random.
The number has significance regarding God's mercy to Israel.
It would of course be nonsensical to suggest that for the last seven times a man sins and repents we should allow an indefinite time period to forgive.

Once again, I think the place where all of you are coming unstuck is the assumption that "he" in Daniel 9:27 must be a reference to Antichrist.
There are a million complex ways of getting to that conclusion, but if the timeline must be violated we can know for sure that "he" is not the Antichrist.
 
This "beast" declared to be both the man and his kingdom.

The Satan-man has his beast kingdom.
The God-man has His righteous kingdom.
Does this answer the questions I asked? Nope.
 
Does this answer the questions I asked? Nope.
Maybe not. Franky, I myself do not have very many questions regarding Dan 9 or any other prophecies regarding Israel.
Got it all worked out to perfection. Tight as a drum.

Tick tock.
 

Abstract


This document proposes that the six clauses of Daniel 9:24 describe seven sequential periods — "gears within gears" — rather than six facets of a single 490-year span. Working from independently anchored historical boundaries (the Second Temple's completion, Artaxerxes' wall decree, the 536 AD dust-veil event, Erasmus's Greek New Testament, Saddam Hussein's execution), the framework traces six completed sets running from 515 BC to 2006 AD, then proposes a seventh, open set — "anoint the Most Holy" — running 2006 to 2496.

This final set is read typologically against Solomon's building of the Temple and his own house: seven years for the Temple (mapped to the church age, 46–2006 AD), thirteen years for the palace (2006–2019, a period marked by concealment-based financial fraud — mortgage securitization, LIBOR, Madoff, offshore leaks), and the fourteen-day, two-part dedication (2019–2026 and 2026–2033, read as parallel constructions of a global financial-governance system — CBDCs, satellite infrastructure, AI compute, biometric ID, and autonomous military capability).

The central claim is that the true anointing of the Most Holy is spiritual and largely invisible to public record, while the observable news cycle during this period reflects only its earthly shadow — a counterfeit consecration built in imitation of the real one. All chronological and typological claims are flagged by tier and labeled where inference rather than direct evidence is used, per the falsifiability standard (2 Peter 1:20–21) applied throughout the broader manuscript.