I will just comment on this to prove you always revert to the 613
I do not always refer to the 613 laws and there are many instances where I have not, but I said that because I was answering a question that you specifically asked me about the 613 laws.
Sin is what is contrary to God's character traits and sin is the transgression of any of the 613 laws because they were given in order to teach us how to embody God's character traits, so when Jesus said that he came to call sinners to repentance, that includes transgressing any of the 613 laws. The way to love God is by embodying His character traits, such as the way to love justice is by being a doer of justice, the way to love holiness is by being a doer of God's instructions for how to be holy as He is holy, and so forth. In other words, the goal of all of the 613 laws is to teach us how to love different aspects of God's character traits, which is why the Bible repeatedly states in both the OT and the NT that the way to love God is by obeying His commandments. Moreover, all of the 613 laws are in regard to how to love our neighbor and/or God.
Jesus taught obedience to more than just the Ten Commandments in Matthew 5 alone. God's Word points to God's Word made flesh because he is the embodiment of it and everything in it was given in order to teach us about who he is. The sacrificial system has always pointed towards Christ and they did not cease to point towards Christ and the only way that we should cease to point to Christ would be if what God's laws teach us about him were to cease to be true. The only way that we should cease to follow God's instructions for how to be holy as He is holy would be if He were to cease to be holy.
The Bible never refers to the Ten Commandments as the Moral Law, it never states that we can be acting morally while disobeying the rest of God's laws, and I see no justification for thinking that it can ever be moral to disobey God. God's character traits are eternal, so His instructions for how to know Him through embodying them are not temporary. Do you consider the laws against sexual misconduct to be moral laws? What about the greatest two commandments? What about the law against kidnapping? What objective standard to you use to determine which of the other laws are moral laws?
Love GOD with all our strength mind and heart and to Love one another.
In
Deuteronomy 6:4-7, the way to obey the greatest commandment in the Bible is essentially be being zealous for teaching the Torah.
things have changed since Jesus was rejected bu the Jews
Nothing about the coming or rejection of Christ had any bearing on the fact that God's righteousness and righteous laws are eternal.
There is no record of anyone being executed in accordance with that law. I'd recommend looking up all the hoops that someone had to jump through in order to qualify for being executed by that law within Judaism. Mercy, repentance, and restoration are all in accordance with the OT, so that is not a difference.
Jesus and the Apostles quoted from the OT hundreds of times in order to support their position, so it doesn't work to interpret them as speaking against following what they considered to be an authoritative source. For example, Jesus quoted three times form Deuteronomy in order to defeat the temptations of Satan, which included saying that man shall not live by bread alone but by every word that comes from the mouth of God, so he affirmed God as still being an authoritative source and you should have major problems with you interpreting Jesus as speaking against living by what God spoke in Deuteronomy. In Deuteronomy 12:32, it is a sin to add to or subtract form the Torah, and in Deuteronomy 13, the way that God instructed to determine that someone is a false prophet is if they speak against obeying the Torah.
In Matthew 19:3, Jesus was asked a question about whether a man was permitted to divorce his wife for any reason, so it was divorce for frivolous reasons that was not the case from the beginning. Jesus should not be interpreted as being in disagreement with what God spoke in Deuteronomy 24:1-4 in regard to divorce.
Eye for eye, tooth for tooth
In Matthew 4, Jesus preceded a quote from what was written by saying "it is written...". but in Matthew 5, he preceded a quote from what the people had heard being said by saying "you have heard that it was said...", so Jesus was not sinning in violation of Deuteronomy 12:32 by making changes to what was written, but rather he was fulfilling the law by correcting what the people had heard being said and by teaching how to correctly obey it as it was originally intended. "An eye for an eye" is still a good guidelines for judges to help ensure fair sentencing that does not escalate out of proportion to the offense, but it was not intended to be used in personal situations to justify taking revenge into our own hands. In those situations we are instructed not to repay in kind (Proverbs 20:22, 24:29).
The Torah instructs for the man and the woman accused of adultery be brought before a judge to do an investigation, that no one is to be put to death without at least two or three witnesses, and that the witness are to throw the first stone, so if Jesus had stoned her, then he would have sinned in violation of the Torah.
Leviticus 19:12 You shall not swear by my name falsely, and so profane the name of your God: I am the Lord.
Someone who was focused on obeying the spirit of the law would understand that the intent of this law is that we should not swear falsely, whereas someone who was focused on obeying the letter of this law exactly as written would understand that we are free to swear falsely just as long as swear by something other than God's name, which is the issue that Jesus was addressing in
Matthew 5:33-37.
For what it is worth, Shem Tov's Hebrew Matthew translated
Matthew 5:33-37 as specifically speaking against making false vows, which I think both the surrounding and broader context supports. God swore by Himself (
Genesis 22:16-17,
Hebrews 6:13,
7:21), Jesus swore under oath before the Sanhedrin (
Matthew 26:63), and Paul also made an oath to the Corinthian church (
2 Corinthians 1:23), and made solemn appeals to God (
Romans 1:9,
Galatians 1:20,
Philippians 1:8;
1 Corinthians 15:31,
1 Thessalonians 5:27,
Revelation 10:5-6). God commanded His people to swear by His name in
Deuteronomy 6:13 and
10:20, and we see many examples of this throughout the OT, such as
1 Kings 2:23 and
1 Samuel 20:3, so Jesus should not be interpreted as speaking against obeying what God has commanded, especially because he upheld vows in
Matthew 23:20-22, so he was speaking against making vows in general, but rather he was only speaking against false vows.
This was said in regard to Gentiles:
Jeremiah 12:16-17 And it shall come to pass, if they will diligently learn the ways of my people, to swear by my name, ‘As the Lord lives,’ even as they taught my people to swear by Baal, then they shall be built up in the midst of my people. 17 But if any nation will not listen, then I will utterly pluck it up and destroy it, declares the Lord.”
While the Torah does instruct to love our neighbor (Leviticus 19:18), it does not instruct to hate our enemies, so again that is what Jesus was correcting. Loving our enemies is in accordance with verses like Exodus 23:4-5, Deuteronomy 23:7, Proverb 24:17-18, and Proverbs 25:21-22, so again Jesus was not teaching anything brand new.
This is exactly what He was doing throughout the Sermon on the Mount
Everything that Jesus taught in the Sermon on the Mount is based on what was taught in the OT.