This could take quite a while to study. Here is a basic list of what I consider the watershed documents: Counting to 5 is inborn. See here for the development of writing as it occurred through math:
Two precursors of writing: plain and complex tokens - Escola Finaly This is my opinion is pre-Noah, and was probably how he kept track of 7 clean animals vs. 2 unclean. You can read the state of Egyptian math ca. 2100BC from here:
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; my translation annotates the extra-Biblical legends.:
http://www.kenbehrens.com/Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.pdf. As E. Wallis Budge proved, the numbers 6-10 in Egyptian are proto-Hebrew loan words, so it is likely that Hebrews started Egyptian pharoanic culture. The next stage is the writings of the Greeks. The classic treatment of the nature of creation as math is in
Timaeus (dialogue) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, but you will need to study Greek mathematics, astronomy, and music theory generally also, as they report on and use virtually all of ancient culture prior to themselves. It is an important fact that the Greeks knew the earth is round, yet analyzed it with PLANE geometry, assuming it flat. Plato discusses this (in the Republic), as well as the Egyptian method of encoding the musical scale to the vowels. The Egyptian and Greek were definitive until the 1600's, with the discovery of calculus, Cartesian coordinates, and "modern science", which I'm sure you know all about. Kaballah, oriental mysticism, etc., all fit into the Egyptian/Greek (Sumerian/Babylonian based) system which ruled from 2800BC until around 1600 AD, in various forms. The modern occultism is things like string theory and cosmology, all of which is equally unproven, and is about the same kind of "wisdom" that brought the Wise Men to Jesus.
Bases are probably not relevant to what you are thinking. The Sumerians used base 60, due to that being a natural way to divide the sky (part of their culture is based on the sky changing due to continental separation in the Flood). Everyone else (even the Mayans, Chinese and Hindus) used base 10. The Rhind Papyrus even includes a table similar to our English/Metric conversion for kitchen measures.
I'd suggest you start somewhere in this list, and if you open a thread, I will respond. Maybe " ancient mathematics and religious thought", or something like that?