ProginOskO simple means to know someone before the later time implied by the context. If I take a break from ChristianChat and rejoin, I may correspond with some members I foreknew, members I knew before breaking from CC. It means to have had an earlier knowledge of or relationship with someone.
Here, Paul is claiming that his contemporary Jews foreknew him, knew him before his conversion to Christ.
Act 26:4 My manner of life
from my youth, which was at the first among mine own nation at Jerusalem, know all the Jews;
Act 26:5 Which knew (προγινώσκοντές, present active participle) me
from the beginning, if they would testify, that after the most straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee.
In terms of events, proginOskO means to have knowledge of some event before it happens. If I have an appointment with the dentist
tomorrow, I foreknow that I will be at the dentist's tomorrow.
In neither case does it imply per se an eternal knowledge from before creation. If, at some point in time, God makes a plan for something to happen in the future, He foreknows it from that point onwards.
Isa 48:3 I have declared the former things from the beginning
of my deciding on them; and they went forth out of my mouth, and I showed them; I did
them suddenly, and they came to pass.
Isa 48:4 Because I knew that you
are obstinate, and your neck
is an iron sinew, and your brow brass;
Isa 48:5 I have even from the beginning declared
it to you; before it came to pass I showed
it you: lest you should say, My idol has done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, has commanded them.
Isa 48:6 You have heard, see all this; and will not you declare/admit
it? I have showed you new things from this time, even hidden things, and you did not know them.
before I showed them
Isa 48:7 Now ( עַתָּה ) they have been brought into being ( נִבְרְאוּ ,
niphal perfective),
and not (
וְלֹא ) from the beginning ( מֵאָז ),
when I first thought of them, but before the day ( וְלִפְנֵי־יוֹם )
that they happened;
and not (
וְלֹא ) you heeded them ( שְׁמַעְתָּם .
qal perfective) when
I told you of them, so that you are not saying ( פֶּן־תֹּאמַר ,
qal imperfective ), "Behold ( הִנֵּה ), I knew them ( יְדַעְתִּין׃ )".
48:7 עַתָּה נִבְרְאוּ
וְלֹא מֵאָז וְלִפְנֵי־יוֹם
וְלֹא שְׁמַעְתָּם פֶּן־תֹּאמַר הִנֵּה יְדַעְתִּין׃
Now they have been brought into being (niphal perfective). And they were not brought into being immediately, but they were brought into being before the day they happened. And you did not heed them (qal perfective) when I announced them, so that you cannot now be saying (qal imperfective), "Behold, I knew them, that they would happen."
Things God has thought of doing to demonstrate His sovereign power, He announces in advance. But He delays the fulfilment, so that men end up denying they will happen. Then they happen, and because men have already denied they would happen, they cannot, after they happen, say "We already knew they would happen." Hence God is proven true and men have to admit God has indeed brought to pass what He said He would bring to pass.