Search results

Writing (33) Sumerian king list: What do we know about the Sumerian city of Šuruppak? Šuruppak was an ancient Sumerian city in modern-day Iraq, significant as a center for grain storage and distribution, home to a significant flood event, and a key location in Sumerian mythology as the...

Writing (32) Sumerian king list: Then Sippar fell and the kingship was taken to Šuruppak. In Šuruppak, Ubara-Tutu became king; he ruled for 18,600 years. One king; he ruled for 18,600 years.

Writing (31) Sumerian king list: Do we know anything about the king of Sippar, Enmen-dur-ana, except from the Sumerian king list? En-men-dur-ana. En-men-dur-ana (also En-men-dur-an-ki, Enmenduranki) of Zimbir (the city now known as Sippar) was an ancient Sumerian king, whose name appears...

Writing (30) Sumerian king list: Is the City of London a separate entity from London? Yes, the City of London is a distinct, separate entity with its own government, police force, and Lord Mayor, despite being located within the much larger administrative region of Greater London. It is the...

Writing (29) Sumerian king list: When were Westminster and the City founded? The City of London was founded by the Romans around AD 43, as "Londinium". The area that became Westminster has a longer, more complex history, with its origins traced to a Benedictine monastery founded in 960 AD...

Writing (28) Sumerian king list: When were Cairo and Fustat founded? Fustat was founded in 641 AD by Muslim conqueror 'Amr ibn al-'As, serving as Egypt's first Islamic capital. Cairo was established later, in 969 AD, by the Fatimid dynasty under general Jawhar, who founded it north of Fustat...

Writing (27) Sumerian king list: The Sumerian cities of Sippar and its sister city, Sippar-Amnanum and the Aztec cities of Tenochtitlán and Tlatelolco are the only examples of "dual cities" in the first ancient civilizations? No, Sippar/Sippar-Amnanum and Tenochtitlán/Tlatelolco are not the...

Writing (26) Sumerian king list: Were there different "dual cities" in the first ancient civilizations? Yes, early examples of "dual cities" existed in ancient civilizations, where two distinct centers were initially separate entities that later merged or remained distinct for...

Writing (25) Sumerian king list: Were there different Sumerian "dual cities"? There was at least one known Sumerian "dual city": Sippar, which was situated on the Euphrates River with its sister city, Sippar-Amnanum, located on the opposite bank. This arrangement where two cities existed...

Writing (24) Sumerian king list: Were Sippar and Sippar-Amnanum founded at the same time? No, Sippar and Sippar-Amnanum were not founded at the same time; while Sippar was in use as early as the Uruk period (c. 4th millennium BCE) and substantial occupation occurred in the Early Dynastic...

Writing (23) Sumerian king list: What was the link between Sippar and its sister city Sippar-Amnanum located on the opposite bank? Sippar and Sippar-Amnanum were linked as two parts of a dual city, divided by the Euphrates river, with Sippar on the east bank and Sippar-Amnanum on the west...

Economic and Social Life The Naditu Community: Sippar was home to a notable community of Naditu women, a type of "religious" wife who lived in cloisters, adopted daughters, and acted as real estate proprietors and moneylenders. Economic Role: The Naditu women and the temple served as...

Writing (22) Sumerian king list: What do we know about the Sumerian city of Sippar? Sippar was an ancient Mesopotamian city on the Euphrates River, primarily known as the cult center for the sun god Shamash (Sumerian Utu) and home to his main temple, E-babbara. It was a significant city...

Writing (21) Sumerian king list: Then Larak fell and the kingship was taken to Sippar. In Sippar, Enmen-dur-ana became king; he ruled for 21,000 years. One king; he ruled for 21,000 years.

Writing (20) Sumerian king list: Do we know anything about the king of Larak, En-sipad-zid-ana, except from the Sumerian king list? En-sipad-zid-ana appears as the king of Larak in some versions of the Sumerian Ling List (SKL). According to that literary composition, En-sipad-zid-ana...

Writing (19) Sumerian king list: What do we know about the Sumerian city of Larak? Larak was a significant Sumerian city that held kingship before the legendary flood, though its actual existence and location are unconfirmed by archaeological evidence. It was the seat of the third Sumerian...

Writing (18) Sumerian king list: Then Bad-tibira fell and the kingship was taken to Larak. In Larak, En-sipad-zid-ana ruled for 28,800 years. One king; he ruled for 28,800 years.

Writing (17) Sumerian king list: Why is the Sumerian king Dumuzi called divine and the shepherd? The Sumerian king Dumuzi was called "shepherd" because he was a fertility god and a protector of domesticated animals, particularly those crucial for agriculture and wool. He was considered...

Writing (16) Sumerian king list: Do we know anything about the three kings of Bad-Tibira, Enmen-lu-ana, Enmen-gal-ana and Dumuzi, except from the Sumerian king list? No, our knowledge of Emmen-lu-ana, Emmen-gal-ana, and Dumuzi is limited almost exclusively to the Sumerian King List, with...

Writing (15) Sumerian king list: What do we know about the Sumerian city of Bad-Tibira? Bad-Tibira was an ancient Sumerian city, known as Tell al-Madineh today, famed for its metalworkers and its significance in the Sumerian King List as the second city to hold kingship before the flood. The...