The Ten Commandments given by God to Moses on the mountain stand for all time.
The so called 'ten commandments' (a Roman Catholic idea) are really ten provisions in God's covenant with Israel. When Jesus listed the commandments He always omitted the law of the Sabbath which was specifically given to Israel.
The issue is the 613 Mitzvot Laws, commonly referred to as the Levitical Laws because they were given by the Levite Priests after they came out of exile, and because the priests are of the tribe of Levi, the same as Moses they are often spoken of as the Mosaic Law. These laws allow for capitol punishment including stoning and these are the laws Jesus had issue with and which he ended for all time.
Moses amplified on the ten words of the covenant in what followed. ALL are as binding as each other.
Israel knew nothing of two laws. WE may distinguish ethical and ceremonial, they did not.
Thank God He has delivered us from the accusing finger of the Law, which has died to us and we to it, so that we might be united with Another (Rom 7.1-6).
The problem is, as far as I know, they are still enshrined in Jewish law even today and of course children of Jewish families are still brought up on them.
The whole Law is binding on Jews until they have been redeemed in Christ..