Here is a historic record upon how the Catholic Bishop received his power from the Emperor Justinian , this is only part of thee edict that was translated for English readers. Enjoy the read ....
The Christian religion became, substantially, the religion of the empire during the reign of Constantine the Great, who died in 337 A.D. Julian, who reigned only during 361-363 A.D., attempted to re-establish the pagan religion, failed in his attempt, and the final blow was given the latter when Justinian suppressed the school of philosophy at Athens in 529 A.D. In the meantime there was considerable controversy among the Christians themselves as to the correct faith.
To put an end to the divisions, the emperors called general councils, elevated their decisions into laws, and employed worldly power to enforce them universally, in which, however, they were not successful. The first of these councils was held at Nice, or Nicea, in 325 A.D. which pronounced the so-called Athenasian creed.
This council rejected the doctrine of Arius, who, with others held that the word of GodóChristówas created, and was consequently not an eternal being. Notwithstanding the action of the council of Nice, however, the Arian doctrine continued to be held by many people, especially by the converted Teutonic peoples, for several centuries. In fact, Arianism subsequently gained the upper hand in the Eastern Empire under the leadership of Eusebius, as well as the favor of the emperors, and maintained it until the time of Theodosius the great.
During this time lived Eunomius, Photinus and Appolinaris (see notes to C. 1.1.3 and 5). Theodosius was a Spaniard and adhered to the Athenasian creed, and after he conquered the Goths began to persecute all parties of an opposite creed. To more effectually enforce his views, he called a general council at Constantinople in 381 A.D., which re-affirmed the Athenasian creed, somewhat enlarged; Valentinian II allowed the Arians in the West to enjoy freedom of religion some years longer. The controversy as to the person of Christ continued in the East.
Out of it grew the controversy between Nestorius and Cyril, one hurling anathemas against the other and resulting in the council of Ephesus in 431 which condemned Nestorius. See note C. 1.1.3. Out of it also grew the controversy with the Monophysites, which continued up to and during the time of Justinian. The Monophysites maintained that Christ, after his incarnation, had only one nature, and that the body of Christ, as the body of God, was not of like substance with our own. They refused to adhere to the decisions of the council of Chalcedon, held in 451 A.D. Justinian made various endeavors to unite them to the Catholic Church, but without success.
A number of other doctrinal controversies raged to the time of Justinian, but ecclesiastical histories should be consulted at to them as well as to the details of the controversies above mentioned. Laws against heretics and all non-conformists are found in title 5.11 of this book.
Book I.
Title I.
In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Book I of the revised edition of the Code of our Lord and sacred Emperor Justinian.
In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Book I of the revised edition of the Code of our Lord and sacred Emperor Justinian.
Concerning the High Trinity of the Catholic faith, and that no one shall dare to dispute about publicly.
Headnote C. 1.1.
The Christian religion became, substantially, the religion of the empire during the reign of Constantine the Great, who died in 337 A.D. Julian, who reigned only during 361-363 A.D., attempted to re-establish the pagan religion, failed in his attempt, and the final blow was given the latter when Justinian suppressed the school of philosophy at Athens in 529 A.D. In the meantime there was considerable controversy among the Christians themselves as to the correct faith.
To put an end to the divisions, the emperors called general councils, elevated their decisions into laws, and employed worldly power to enforce them universally, in which, however, they were not successful. The first of these councils was held at Nice, or Nicea, in 325 A.D. which pronounced the so-called Athenasian creed.
This council rejected the doctrine of Arius, who, with others held that the word of GodóChristówas created, and was consequently not an eternal being. Notwithstanding the action of the council of Nice, however, the Arian doctrine continued to be held by many people, especially by the converted Teutonic peoples, for several centuries. In fact, Arianism subsequently gained the upper hand in the Eastern Empire under the leadership of Eusebius, as well as the favor of the emperors, and maintained it until the time of Theodosius the great.
During this time lived Eunomius, Photinus and Appolinaris (see notes to C. 1.1.3 and 5). Theodosius was a Spaniard and adhered to the Athenasian creed, and after he conquered the Goths began to persecute all parties of an opposite creed. To more effectually enforce his views, he called a general council at Constantinople in 381 A.D., which re-affirmed the Athenasian creed, somewhat enlarged; Valentinian II allowed the Arians in the West to enjoy freedom of religion some years longer. The controversy as to the person of Christ continued in the East.
Out of it grew the controversy between Nestorius and Cyril, one hurling anathemas against the other and resulting in the council of Ephesus in 431 which condemned Nestorius. See note C. 1.1.3. Out of it also grew the controversy with the Monophysites, which continued up to and during the time of Justinian. The Monophysites maintained that Christ, after his incarnation, had only one nature, and that the body of Christ, as the body of God, was not of like substance with our own. They refused to adhere to the decisions of the council of Chalcedon, held in 451 A.D. Justinian made various endeavors to unite them to the Catholic Church, but without success.
A number of other doctrinal controversies raged to the time of Justinian, but ecclesiastical histories should be consulted at to them as well as to the details of the controversies above mentioned. Laws against heretics and all non-conformists are found in title 5.11 of this book.