Joseph in Egypt (Archaeology)

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And so Joseph was brought in and Pharaoh told him the dream. He said, I dreamed that there were 7 fat cows came up out of the river Nile, and they grazed there. And then 7 thin cows, so thin you couldn’t believe it, came up and they gobbled up the 7 fat cows.

Well, Joseph said, I’ll tell you what that means. It means that there’s going to be 7 years of plenty. And that will be followed by 7 years of famine. The Nile is going to stop flowing just about, and there’ll be a famine so you better gather together, appoint somebody to gather together all the grain during those 7 years of plenty, so that when the 7 years of famine comes, you’ll have enough to eat.

And so Pharaoh said, Well, that’s a good idea and what better person could we have to do all this than Joseph. And so Joseph was appointed as the viziers of Egypt.

Now the question is, Who was this Pharaoh? Which one? I personally consider that the chronology of Egypt needs to be shortened and in that case, this incident would take place at the beginning of the 12th dynasty of Egypt. And in particular, the Pharaoh concerned would be the Pharaoh called Sosostris the first.

And I think I have some good reasons for thinking that. This is a statue of Sosostris, the first. Actually he’s quite a nice looking guy, don’t you think? Almost a smile on his face.

And there’s another group of statues in the Cairo museum. They are clustered around a shrine. There’s 10 statues all together. And they’re all identical. And they show him also as a nice looking fellow. And there’s another statue that shows him as a shepherd with a shepherd’s crook in his hand.

In other words, he was looking after his people. Or he had an interest in his people. Now he was the one who made this obelisk over here. And it has inscriptions on all four sides. They are all identical. And this was the first large obelisk that was ever made. Now it was called the Pillar of On and the biblical record says that Joseph married the daughter of the priest of On, and that fits right in in this place here.
And so I would identify Sosostris the first, as the Pharaoh under whom Joseph was promoted to be Vizier.. Now there is something else. The biblical record indicates that Joseph was a very prominent figure.

I’d like you to listen to what the biblical record says in the book of Genesis, chapter 41. Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “You shall be over my house and all my people shall be ruled according to your word. Only in regard to the throne, will I be greater than you. And he had him ride in the second chariot which he had. And they cried out before him, Bow the knee. So he set him over all the land of Egypt”.

Now, did you notice just what respect was paid to Joseph? People bowed down in front of him. Now that didn’t usually happen with a vizier. But it so happens that under Sosostris the first, we know from history that there was such a vizier. And his name was Mentuhotep.

The very well known Egyptologist Muschat (?), described the activities of this vizier. I want you to listen to what it says. In a word, our Mentuhotep who was also invested with several priestly dignities and was Pharaoh’s treasurer, appears as the alter-ego of the king. When he arrived the great personages bowed down before him. So you see this fits in very well with the biblical account and we do have such a visier under Sososteris, the first.

But there’s other evidence, too, to support what I am saying. Well, here we are in the Fiume, this remarkable Oasis that supports so many people.

And here I think is something, I think, very significant. You see this canal. Its a very large canal. And it comes a long way and flows into this Oasis which is below sea level. And it was a vast lake. And it brings fertility to this whole area.

Now the interesting part is that this is called Joseph’s canal. And nobody knows where it got that name. It seems to go back a long way. And it is my opinion that this canal which was dug during the 12th dynasty the early 12th dynasty, was dug during the time of Joseph, who knew that a 7 year famine was coming. And so he had this canal dug to provide fertility to the land of Egypt during this time.

Now there’s something else I think is very significant, and that is further down stream is a place called Bey Hasan.

And at Bey Hasan there are some tombs, and one of these tombs has on the wall a beautiful painting – Well, it used to be beautiful.

Its faded now – of some Semitic immigrants who come into Egypt and there chose the type of clothing they wore, the type of domestic animals they had, the type of weapons, and you’ll even notice this fellow had brought his portable TV with him. Well, actually its a musical instrument.

Anyway, so this shows the Semitic immigrants during the 12th dynasty. Now who were they? I don’t say that they were Joseph and his family but I do consider that it highly likely that they were the Israelite people who had fanned out over the land and this man thought it significant enough to put it on the wall of his tomb.

Now there’s one more thing I want to tell you about. One of these tombs was made by a man by the name of Ammoni, and he also was during the time of Sososterus the first. And he left on the wall of his tomb, a record of his good deeds. That’s what they mostly did, you know, told their gods what a good fellow they were, and among other things, he referred to what he did to prepare for a coming famine.

Now Jan will read you a statement from a historian and a translation of this wall inscription. “No one was unhappy in my day, not even in the years of famine. For I have tilled all the fields of the gnome of Ma up to its southern and northern frontiers. Thus I prolonged the life of its inhabitants and preserved the food which it produced”.
And so I consider all of this points to the fact that Sososterus the first was the Pharaoh under whom Joseph was the visier of Egypt.

Now we come to the 5th king of the 12th dynasty, whose name was Sososterus the third. And I consider him to be the Pharaoh referred to in the book of Exodus, chapter one and verse 8, where it says, Now there arose a new king over Egypt who did not know Joseph. And he said to his people, Look, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we. Come let us deal wisely with them. Therefore they set task masters over them to afflict them.

Well, I consider that by now Joseph would be dead, and this would be the Pharaoh referred to in this verse. And believe me, he’s a nasty looking character, just a sort of fellow that you would expect to do this sort of thing.

For instance, there is this statue of him in the Cairo museum. You notice the down turned sour mouth that he’s gotand the nasty expression. And then here’s another statue of him. A similar appearance. And then here is this sphinx of him. Now I just wouldn’t like to know this fellow. And I think he is the Pharaoh referred to here.

Sesostris the 3rd was followed by Amenemhet III. And he also was a nasty looking character, as these statues indicate. Here’s one, for instance in the Luxor museum. And he reigned for 43 years.

This is his pyramid that he built here. Not a very big pyramid today. But originally it was covered with stone and a lot bigger than this. Today all that is left is the core of the pyramid, which is made of mud bricks that are laced with straw.

In fact you can see the little flecks of straw that were in there. And after all that’s what we would expect, isn’t it? Because here in Exodus, chapter 5, and verse 7, it says, You shall no longer give the people straw to make brick as heretofore. Let them go and gather straw for themselves.

So I think that this was the Pharaoh who was responsible for this. Another interesting point is that Amenemhet III had a daughter, no sons, and that daughter had no children. Her name was Sobekneferu Rey. And this would explain why she went down to the river Nile and saw the little baby Moses in the basket there.

You might wonder, Well now, why would an Egyptian princess take a little baby from the slaves and propose to make him the next Pharaoh. Well you see she wasn’t down there having a bath or taking a swim. She was down there for ceremonial purposes worshiping the god, Hapy, the river god, the Nile God. And he was the fertility God.
And of course she needed a god like that if she was infertile. And so she was down there worshiping the god, Hapy, the fertility god. Alright, and so she sees this little baby comes along and regards it as a gift of the fertility god, Hapy. And I think probably whether she called him Hapi Moses.

You see Moses means, drawn out of. Or born of in other words born of the river god Hapy. There are a number of Pharaohs called that. For instance there was Thutmosis born of the god Tut. There was Ramoses, or Ramses born of the god, Ra.

So here we have Moses, born of the god Hapy. Well, he was the baby who was to become the next Pharaoh, but he disappears off the scene. And its not hard to understand why. There was a king by the name of Amenhotep the fourth who was intended to be the heir of Amenhotep III. But suddenly he disappears from the scene. I think that was Moses, myself. Because he was forced to flee at the end of this man’s reign.



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