Understand that this future earthly kingdom so noted in Acts 1:6 is confirmed by Christ Himself.
Matthew 19:28: Jesus speaks of a future "new world" (the palingenesia) where the twelve apostles will sit on twelve thrones "judging the twelve tribes of Israel."
The "until" (Greek: achri or heōs) statements in the New Testament are pivotal as they establish a timeline or a "waiting period" before the restoration of the Davidic Kingdom.
Here are the four primary "until" statements often cited as markers for the transition to the Millennial Kingdom:
1. The "Times of the Gentiles" (Luke 21:24)
Jesus provides a chronological endpoint for the foreign occupation of Jerusalem.
The Text: "Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled."
The Implication: This suggests that the "trampling" is a temporary state. Once that specific era of Gentile world-dominion ends, the city returns to the sovereign control of Israel under the Messiah.
2. The "Fullness of the Gentiles" (Romans 11:25)
Paul uses an "until" statement to describe the spiritual hardening of Israel.
The Text: "A partial hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in."
The Implication: Paul links the restoration of Israel’s spiritual sight—and their subsequent national salvation—to the completion of the Gentile harvest. Once that "fullness" is reached, the "Deliverer will come from Zion" (v. 26).
3. The "Restoration of All Things" (Acts 3:21)
During his second sermon, Peter explains why Jesus is currently in heaven and when he will return.
The Text: "...whom heaven must receive until the time for restoring all the things about which God spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets."
The Implication: This is perhaps the most direct answer to the Acts 1:6 question. Peter clarifies that Jesus remains in heaven until the specific moment for the "restoration" (the same root word used in Acts 1:6) occurs.
4. The "Subjection of Enemies" (1 Corinthians 15:25)
Paul outlines the administrative transition of the Kingdom.
The Text: "For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet."
The Implication: While some debate if this refers to the current church age or the Millennium itself, it establishes the "until" of Christ's active conquest, ending with the defeat of death, which many align with the conclusion of the Millennial reign.
