Christianity has used a single verse in Acts 1 which says the ascension was when Jesus appeared to the disciples the 40th time to conclude that Jesus ascended 40 days after the resurrection. Based on that assumption they say Pentecost is Shavuot which is 50 days after the ascension.
Here is the problem with that, in the Gospel of John we are told that the first time Jesus appeared was on the day of Resurrection, the second time He appeared was one week later, and the third was at the Sea of Galilee when they went fishing.
The distance between the Sea of Galilee and Jerusalem ranges from roughly 70 miles (112 km) along the most direct path to 140 miles (225 km) via the longest coastal route. In ancient times, a typical person walking this journey would take 3 to 7 days depending on the route chosen, terrain, and pace. [1, 2, 3]
Historical Walking Routes
| Route Name | Approximate Distance | Estimated Walking Time | Key Characteristics |
|---|
Central Route
(Through Samaria) | 70–90 miles
(112–145 km) | 3–4 days | The shortest and most direct path. It passed through mountainous terrain and Samarian villages. Some travelers avoided it due to historical tensions between Jews and Samaritans. |
Eastern Route
(Jordan Valley / Perea) | 90–120 miles
(145–193 km) | 5–6 days | Followed the flat Jordan River Valley. Travelers crossed the Jordan River to walk through Perea to completely bypass Samaria. It was safer and very popular for holiday pilgrims. |
Western Route
(Coastal Plain) | 120–140 miles
(193–225 km) | 6–7+ days | The longest path. It swept far west toward the Mediterranean coast to avoid both Samaria and the steep inclines of the Jordan rift. It was mostly used by commercial traders or military caravans. |
This means that the third time Jesus appeared was at least ten days after the resurrection. Now, this means there are only two ways to interpret the word in Acts 1. Either it simply means Jesus appeared a total of forty times and not for 40 consecutive days. Or it means from the Sea of Galilee Jesus appeared 40 consecutive days. Either way you have to conclude that the ascension was at Shavuot and that Pentecost was 50 days later.
Why is this important? Because Shavuot was when Moses ascended the mountain, that is a type of the ascension and it means Jesus ascension fulfilled Shavuot. This also means in Jesus first coming He was born on Feast of Trumpets (the longest day), circumcised on Yom Kippur, crucified on Passover, Rose from the dead on the First Feast of Firstfruits, the Feast of unleavened bread signified the entire church age, ascended on Shavuot, and then on the Feast of New wine the Spirit was poured out on the earth.
After Moses ascended he also was on the mountain top for forty days linking, but from Shavuot to Moses coming down, breaking the ten commandments, and then executing judgment on the 3,000 that had sinned was fifty days. So the 3,000 saved on Pentecost balances out the 3,000 killed when Moses came down.
This gives us a picture, think of the church being born on the 8th of Av, and the placenta being burned on the 9th of Av. The birth in the New Testament is likened to a baptism, and just like Jesus was baptized and then thrust out into the wilderness to fast for forty days, so it is with the church. So then the Feast of Trumpets announces "the coming of the king" and in this case it announces the coming of the Lord's ministry on Earth.
So Moses then goes back up for another 40 days on the mountain top, similar to Jesus being thrust out into the wilderness after He was baptized. When Moses returns the second time it is again a span of fifty days which brings us to Feast of Trumpets and Yom Kippur. This makes the Feast of New wine on the 8th of Av. This is important because according to Jewish tradition the three thousand were killed on the 9th of Av.
Consider the days of Noah, it took 150 days from when Noah enters the ark until it comes to rest on the mountains of Ararat. Traditional interpretation has this mountain's name sounding like the Hebrew for "reverse the curse".
Think of the tribulation as an operation where God is "reversing the curse". If Noah was around 35 years old when he got the vision from God of the coming judgment and then began to build the ark, that would align perfectly with when the Bible was first printed on the printing press. If you say that Noah "preached the gospel" for 120 years that would align perfectly with when the Gideon's began to distribute Bibles (they have given out 2.7 billion bibles, roughly 40% of all Bibles that have been printed).
Now consider this, Noah and his family enters the ark on the 17th day of the second month. The calendar he was using was six months off from the Hebrew calendar, but the 17th day of the second month would be resurrection day for second Passover. I think that is significant because it seems to me the two witnesses will be killed on second Passover and raised on the 17th day of the second month. So the salvation of the Jews as a nation is similar to the days of Noah, only in reverse.