The traditional teaching is that Jesus has encouraged everybody to pay taxes. That is not at all what Jesus taught.Consider the story as told in the Biblical book of Mark:And they sent unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words. And when they were come, they said unto him, “Master, we know that you are true, and care for no man: for you regard not the person of men, but teach the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not? Shall we give, or shall we not give?”
But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, “Why do you tempt me? Bring me a denarion, that I may see it.”
And they brought it. And he said unto them, “Whose is this image and superscription?”
And they said unto him, “Caesar’s.”
And Jesus answering said unto them, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”
And they marveled at him.
Readers should notice that Jesus did not answer the question. Notice the questioners phrased the question, “Is it lawful . . . ?” Lawful according to whom? According to Caesar? No, such a perspective would be meaningless to the test the Pharisees and Herodians had conspired. The question was with respect to theMosaic Law. The Mosaic Law prohibited worshipping false gods and idols. Paying tribute was seen as the equivalent of worshipping a false god. Indeed, history reveals that the Roman emperor considered himself a god. Thus, in proper context the question becomes, “According to the Mosaic Law, is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not? Shall we give, or shall we not give?” Thus, to answer affirmatively would be a violation of the Mosaic Law. To answer negatively would be grounds for a Roman civil or criminal legal action against Jesus.Jesus did not answer the question.* * *
Notice that Jesus did not pull a coin from his own pocket or ask for a coin from his disciples’ money bag. This is important to notice because at that time, the Jewish Zealots were a political group of people who completely opposed Roman rule. So strong were their beliefs that they refused to use or even touch Roman currency. I do not know if Jesus or his disciples possessed Roman coins, but to have shown one under the circumstances of that question would have immediately alienated the Zealots and would have encouraged the Zealots to accuse Jesus of supporting the Roman political system — a violation of the Mosaic Law. Jesus seems to have avoided that situation.The hypocrisy of the scene is that if the Pharisees and Herodians truly believed that the Mosaic Law was superior to Roman law, then they too never would have had in their possession a Roman coin. Yet, they quickly showed one upon request.* * *
The challenge with Jesus’ answer is that both clauses of his response are truisms.Because of the subtle power of truisms, people interpret Jesus’ answer according to their own worldview and subjective interpretations. Jesus did not answer the question. He only provided the illusion of answering the question.Jesus did not declare that people should pay taxes. Jesus declared that if something rightfully belongs to Caesar then return the property to Caesar. When read from a property rights perspective, there is no mystery with the text. Caesar’s picture was a sign or seal that the coin might belong to Caesar.