[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]PART FOUR[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]How well then, is the post-tribulation position represented in church history?[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Justin Martyr[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](c. 150 A.D.) O unreasoning men! understanding not what has been proved by all these passages, that two advents of Christ have been announced: the one, in which He is set forth as suffering, inglorious, dishonored, and crucified; but the other, in which He shall come from heaven with glory, when the man of apostasy, who speaks strange things against the Most High, shall venture to do unlawful deeds on the earth against us the Christians. [Bell, p 33-34 - Justin Martyr, "Dialog with Trypho," The Ante-Nicene Fathers, I, 253-54][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Irenaeus[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](Late 2nd Cen.) And he [Anti-Christ] shall speak words against the most high God, and wear out the saints of the most high God, and shall purpose to change times and laws; and (everything) shall be given into his hand until a time of times and a half time, that is, for three years and six months, during which time, when he comes, he shall reign over the earth. Of whom also the Apostle Paul again, speaking in the second (Epistle) of the Thessalonians, and at the same time proclaiming the cause of his advent, thus says: "And then shall the wicked one be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus shall slay with the spirit of His mouth, and destroy by the presence of His coming."[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]For all these and other words were unquestionably spoken in reference to the resurrection of the just, which takes place after the coming of Antichrist, and the destruction of all nations under his rule; in (the time of) which (resurrection) the righteous shall reign in the earth, waxing stronger by the sight of the Lord: and through Him they shall become accustomed to partake in the glory of God the Father, and shall enjoy in the kingdom intercourse and communion with the holy angels, and union with spiritual beings; and (with respect to) those whom the Lord shall find in the flesh, awaiting Him from heaven, and who have suffered tribulation, as well as escaped the hands of the Wicked One. [Bell, p 34 - Irenaeus, "Against Heresies," ANF, I, 554, 565][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]And they [the ten kings] shall...give their kingdom to the beast, and put the Church to flight" (Against Heresies V, 26, 1) [Gundry, p.175] [/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]But he [John] indicates the number of the name [Antichrist, 666] now, that when this man comes we may avoid him, being aware who he is(Against Heresies V, 30, 4) [Gundry, p.175][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Irenaeus was a disciple of Polycarp [This may not be accurate.] who was a disciple of the Apostle John. John wrote far more about the Lord's return in the New Testament than did all other writers combined. It's safe to assume that the apostle John had a pretty clear understanding of orthodox teaching on the return of Christ and that Polycarp and Irenaeus would have had a better idea than anyone else of what John taught. One might wonder if charges from Walvoord about Irenaeus being clouded, immature, or heretical should raise more questions about Walvoord's teaching than that of Irenaeus.[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Tertullian[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](c. 200 A.D.) ... In the Revelation of John, again, the order of these times is spread out to view... that the beast Antichrist with his false prophet may wage war on the Church of God. ...[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]"For in this we groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven, if so be that being clothed we shall not be found naked;" which means, before we put off the garment of the flesh, we wish to be clothed with the celestial glory of immortality. Now the privilege of this favour awaits those who shall at the coming of the Lord be found in the flesh, and who shall, owing to the oppressions of the time of Antichrist, deserve by an instantaneous death, which is accomplished by a sudden change, to become qualified to join the rising saints. [Bell, p 35 - Tert. "On the Resurrection of the Flesh," ANF, III, 563][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]That the beast Antichrist with his false prophet may wage war in the Church of God.... Since, then, the Scriptures both indicate the stages of the last times, and concentrate the harvest of the Christian hope in the very end of the world..."(On the Resurrection of the Flesh xxv; cf, Scorpiace xii) [Gundry, p.177] [/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Hippolytus[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](early 3rd Cen.) It is proper that we take the Holy Scriptures themselves in hand, and find out from them what, and of what manner, the coming of Antichrist is; on what occasion and at what time the impious one shall be revealed; and whence and from what tribe (he shall come); and what his name is, which is indicated by the number in the Scripture; and how he shall work error among the people, gathering them from the ends of the earth; and (how) he shall stir up tribulation and persecution against the saints; and how he shall glorify himself as God; and what his end shall be; and how the sudden appearing of the Lord shall be revealed from heaven; and what the conflagration of the whole world shall be; and what the glorious and heavenly kingdom of the saints is to be, when they reign together with Christ; and what the punishment of the wicked by fire. [Bell, p 35-36 - Hip.,"Treatise on Christ and Antichrist," ANF, v, 205][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Now concerning the tribulation of the persecution which is to fall upon the Church from the adversary [he has been speaking of the Antichrist and the Antichrist's persecution of the saints and continues in the same vein]...That refers to the one thousand two hundred and threescore days (the half of the week) during which the tyrant is to reign and persecute the Church (Treatise on Christ and Antichrist 60,61). [Gundry, p. 176][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Ephriam the Syrian[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](306-373) Nothing remains then, except that the coming of our enemy, Antichrist, appear..."(Sermo Asceticus, I) [MacPherson, p.18][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Cyril of Jerusalem[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](315-386) The Church declares to thee the things concerning Antichrist before they arrive... it is well that, knowing these things, thou shouldest make thyself ready beforehand (Catechetical Lectures, 15,9) [MacPherson, p.18][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Augustine[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](354-430) But he who reads this passage [Daniel 12] even half asleep, cannot fail to see that the kingdom of Antichrist shall fiercely, though for a short time, assail the Church...(The City of God, XX, 23). [MacPherson, p.19][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Bernard of Clairvaux[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1090-1153) There remains only one thing - that the demon of noonday [Antichrist] should appear, to seduce those who remain still in Christ... (Sermons on the Song of Songs, 33, 16). [MacPherson, p.19][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John Wycliffe[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1320-1384) Wherefore let us pray to God that he keep us in the hour of temptation, which is coming upon all the world, Rev iii (Writings of the Reverend and Learned John Wickliff, D.D., p. 155) [MacPherson, p.18][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Martin Luther[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1483-1546) [The book of Revelation] is intended as a revelation of things that are to happen in the future, and especially of the tribulations and disasters for the Church ... (Works of Martin Luther, VI, p. 481). [MacPherson, p.19-20][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John Knox[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1515-1572) ...the great love of God towards his Church, whom he pleased to forewarne of dangers to come, so many yeers before they come to passe ... to wit, The man of sin, The Antichrist, The Whore of Babilon (The Historie of the Reformatioun..., I, p. 76) [MacPherson, p.20][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John Foxe[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1516-1587) ... that second beast prophesied to come in the later time of the Church ... to disturb the whole Church of Christ... (Acts and Monuments, I). [MacPherson, p. 20][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Daniel Whitby[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1638-1726) ...after the Fall of Antichrist, there shall be such a glorious State of the Church ... so shall this be the Church of Martyrs, and of those who had not received the Mark of the Beast... ("A Paraphrase and Commentary", p. 696) [MacPherson, p. 21][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John Newton[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1725-1807) Fear not temptation's fiery day, for I will be thy strength and stay. thou hast my promise, hold it fast, the trying hour [Revelation 3:10] will soon be past ( "The Works of the Rev. John Newton, Vol II, p. 152) [MacPherson, p.22][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Oswald J. Smith[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]... I am absolutely convinced that there will be no rapture before the Tribulation, but that the Church will undoubtedly be called upon to face the Antichrist..." (Tribulation or Rapture - Which?, p. 12) [MacPherson, p.29][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Harold J. Ockenga[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]No exegetical justification exists for the arbitrary separation of the 'coming of Christ' and the 'day of the Lord.' It is one 'day of the Lord Jesus Christ' (Christian Life, February, 1955). [MacPherson, p.31][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John R. W. Stott[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]He would not spare them from the suffering [Revelation 3:10]; but He would uphold them in it" (What Christ Thinks of the Church, p.104). [MacPherson, p.33][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Bernard L. Ramm[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]...as the Church moves to meet her Lord at the parousia world history is also moving to meet its Judge at the same parousia (Leo Eddleman's Last Things, p. 41) [MacPherson, p.33][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]J. Barton Payne[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Hippolytus, for example, foresaw a rather complex series of events which would culminate in the coming of Christ, including a ten-nation confederacy, the appearance of Anti-Christ, and severe persecution of the church. He felt that these events might begin at any time, but Christ's coming itself would thus not be at any moment.[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Tertullian, Irenaeus, and Lactantius also foresaw detailed complexes of events, climaxed by Christ's coming and thus could not be classified as believing in immanency." [Bell p50 - from J. Barton Payne, The Imminent Appearing of Christ, p17-18][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]These are all unquestionably post-tribulational views. Historic Christianity supports the view that the event known by some as the rapture, more accurately titled the Resurrection, Gathering, Harvest, or Translation of the Saints, is to take place at the end of the period commonly referred to as the tribulation. Dispensationalists admit this to be true.[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]"... it is freely admitted by pretribulationists that no trace of the doctrine is to be found in church history after the Ante- Nicene fathers until the nineteenth century". [Emphasis mine.] [Bell, p27 - from Gerald B. Stanton, "Kept from the Hour", (unpublished doctor's dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary, 1952 p, 315)][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Since pretribulationists admit that the doctrine was unknown during the period following the Ante-Nicene age until "rediscovered" and "refined" by the nineteenth-century Plymouth Brethren, ... it will be unnecessary to survey the intervening period in this study. [Bell p56][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]How well then, is the post-tribulation position represented in church history?[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Justin Martyr[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](c. 150 A.D.) O unreasoning men! understanding not what has been proved by all these passages, that two advents of Christ have been announced: the one, in which He is set forth as suffering, inglorious, dishonored, and crucified; but the other, in which He shall come from heaven with glory, when the man of apostasy, who speaks strange things against the Most High, shall venture to do unlawful deeds on the earth against us the Christians. [Bell, p 33-34 - Justin Martyr, "Dialog with Trypho," The Ante-Nicene Fathers, I, 253-54][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Irenaeus[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](Late 2nd Cen.) And he [Anti-Christ] shall speak words against the most high God, and wear out the saints of the most high God, and shall purpose to change times and laws; and (everything) shall be given into his hand until a time of times and a half time, that is, for three years and six months, during which time, when he comes, he shall reign over the earth. Of whom also the Apostle Paul again, speaking in the second (Epistle) of the Thessalonians, and at the same time proclaiming the cause of his advent, thus says: "And then shall the wicked one be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus shall slay with the spirit of His mouth, and destroy by the presence of His coming."[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]For all these and other words were unquestionably spoken in reference to the resurrection of the just, which takes place after the coming of Antichrist, and the destruction of all nations under his rule; in (the time of) which (resurrection) the righteous shall reign in the earth, waxing stronger by the sight of the Lord: and through Him they shall become accustomed to partake in the glory of God the Father, and shall enjoy in the kingdom intercourse and communion with the holy angels, and union with spiritual beings; and (with respect to) those whom the Lord shall find in the flesh, awaiting Him from heaven, and who have suffered tribulation, as well as escaped the hands of the Wicked One. [Bell, p 34 - Irenaeus, "Against Heresies," ANF, I, 554, 565][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]And they [the ten kings] shall...give their kingdom to the beast, and put the Church to flight" (Against Heresies V, 26, 1) [Gundry, p.175] [/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]But he [John] indicates the number of the name [Antichrist, 666] now, that when this man comes we may avoid him, being aware who he is(Against Heresies V, 30, 4) [Gundry, p.175][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Irenaeus was a disciple of Polycarp [This may not be accurate.] who was a disciple of the Apostle John. John wrote far more about the Lord's return in the New Testament than did all other writers combined. It's safe to assume that the apostle John had a pretty clear understanding of orthodox teaching on the return of Christ and that Polycarp and Irenaeus would have had a better idea than anyone else of what John taught. One might wonder if charges from Walvoord about Irenaeus being clouded, immature, or heretical should raise more questions about Walvoord's teaching than that of Irenaeus.[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Tertullian[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](c. 200 A.D.) ... In the Revelation of John, again, the order of these times is spread out to view... that the beast Antichrist with his false prophet may wage war on the Church of God. ...[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]"For in this we groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven, if so be that being clothed we shall not be found naked;" which means, before we put off the garment of the flesh, we wish to be clothed with the celestial glory of immortality. Now the privilege of this favour awaits those who shall at the coming of the Lord be found in the flesh, and who shall, owing to the oppressions of the time of Antichrist, deserve by an instantaneous death, which is accomplished by a sudden change, to become qualified to join the rising saints. [Bell, p 35 - Tert. "On the Resurrection of the Flesh," ANF, III, 563][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]That the beast Antichrist with his false prophet may wage war in the Church of God.... Since, then, the Scriptures both indicate the stages of the last times, and concentrate the harvest of the Christian hope in the very end of the world..."(On the Resurrection of the Flesh xxv; cf, Scorpiace xii) [Gundry, p.177] [/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Hippolytus[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](early 3rd Cen.) It is proper that we take the Holy Scriptures themselves in hand, and find out from them what, and of what manner, the coming of Antichrist is; on what occasion and at what time the impious one shall be revealed; and whence and from what tribe (he shall come); and what his name is, which is indicated by the number in the Scripture; and how he shall work error among the people, gathering them from the ends of the earth; and (how) he shall stir up tribulation and persecution against the saints; and how he shall glorify himself as God; and what his end shall be; and how the sudden appearing of the Lord shall be revealed from heaven; and what the conflagration of the whole world shall be; and what the glorious and heavenly kingdom of the saints is to be, when they reign together with Christ; and what the punishment of the wicked by fire. [Bell, p 35-36 - Hip.,"Treatise on Christ and Antichrist," ANF, v, 205][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Now concerning the tribulation of the persecution which is to fall upon the Church from the adversary [he has been speaking of the Antichrist and the Antichrist's persecution of the saints and continues in the same vein]...That refers to the one thousand two hundred and threescore days (the half of the week) during which the tyrant is to reign and persecute the Church (Treatise on Christ and Antichrist 60,61). [Gundry, p. 176][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Ephriam the Syrian[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](306-373) Nothing remains then, except that the coming of our enemy, Antichrist, appear..."(Sermo Asceticus, I) [MacPherson, p.18][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Cyril of Jerusalem[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](315-386) The Church declares to thee the things concerning Antichrist before they arrive... it is well that, knowing these things, thou shouldest make thyself ready beforehand (Catechetical Lectures, 15,9) [MacPherson, p.18][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Augustine[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](354-430) But he who reads this passage [Daniel 12] even half asleep, cannot fail to see that the kingdom of Antichrist shall fiercely, though for a short time, assail the Church...(The City of God, XX, 23). [MacPherson, p.19][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Bernard of Clairvaux[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1090-1153) There remains only one thing - that the demon of noonday [Antichrist] should appear, to seduce those who remain still in Christ... (Sermons on the Song of Songs, 33, 16). [MacPherson, p.19][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John Wycliffe[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1320-1384) Wherefore let us pray to God that he keep us in the hour of temptation, which is coming upon all the world, Rev iii (Writings of the Reverend and Learned John Wickliff, D.D., p. 155) [MacPherson, p.18][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Martin Luther[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1483-1546) [The book of Revelation] is intended as a revelation of things that are to happen in the future, and especially of the tribulations and disasters for the Church ... (Works of Martin Luther, VI, p. 481). [MacPherson, p.19-20][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John Knox[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1515-1572) ...the great love of God towards his Church, whom he pleased to forewarne of dangers to come, so many yeers before they come to passe ... to wit, The man of sin, The Antichrist, The Whore of Babilon (The Historie of the Reformatioun..., I, p. 76) [MacPherson, p.20][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John Foxe[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1516-1587) ... that second beast prophesied to come in the later time of the Church ... to disturb the whole Church of Christ... (Acts and Monuments, I). [MacPherson, p. 20][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Daniel Whitby[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1638-1726) ...after the Fall of Antichrist, there shall be such a glorious State of the Church ... so shall this be the Church of Martyrs, and of those who had not received the Mark of the Beast... ("A Paraphrase and Commentary", p. 696) [MacPherson, p. 21][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John Newton[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif](1725-1807) Fear not temptation's fiery day, for I will be thy strength and stay. thou hast my promise, hold it fast, the trying hour [Revelation 3:10] will soon be past ( "The Works of the Rev. John Newton, Vol II, p. 152) [MacPherson, p.22][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Oswald J. Smith[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]... I am absolutely convinced that there will be no rapture before the Tribulation, but that the Church will undoubtedly be called upon to face the Antichrist..." (Tribulation or Rapture - Which?, p. 12) [MacPherson, p.29][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Harold J. Ockenga[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]No exegetical justification exists for the arbitrary separation of the 'coming of Christ' and the 'day of the Lord.' It is one 'day of the Lord Jesus Christ' (Christian Life, February, 1955). [MacPherson, p.31][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]John R. W. Stott[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]He would not spare them from the suffering [Revelation 3:10]; but He would uphold them in it" (What Christ Thinks of the Church, p.104). [MacPherson, p.33][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Bernard L. Ramm[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]...as the Church moves to meet her Lord at the parousia world history is also moving to meet its Judge at the same parousia (Leo Eddleman's Last Things, p. 41) [MacPherson, p.33][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]J. Barton Payne[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Hippolytus, for example, foresaw a rather complex series of events which would culminate in the coming of Christ, including a ten-nation confederacy, the appearance of Anti-Christ, and severe persecution of the church. He felt that these events might begin at any time, but Christ's coming itself would thus not be at any moment.[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Tertullian, Irenaeus, and Lactantius also foresaw detailed complexes of events, climaxed by Christ's coming and thus could not be classified as believing in immanency." [Bell p50 - from J. Barton Payne, The Imminent Appearing of Christ, p17-18][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]These are all unquestionably post-tribulational views. Historic Christianity supports the view that the event known by some as the rapture, more accurately titled the Resurrection, Gathering, Harvest, or Translation of the Saints, is to take place at the end of the period commonly referred to as the tribulation. Dispensationalists admit this to be true.[/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]"... it is freely admitted by pretribulationists that no trace of the doctrine is to be found in church history after the Ante- Nicene fathers until the nineteenth century". [Emphasis mine.] [Bell, p27 - from Gerald B. Stanton, "Kept from the Hour", (unpublished doctor's dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary, 1952 p, 315)][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]Since pretribulationists admit that the doctrine was unknown during the period following the Ante-Nicene age until "rediscovered" and "refined" by the nineteenth-century Plymouth Brethren, ... it will be unnecessary to survey the intervening period in this study. [Bell p56][/FONT]
[FONT=Bitstream Charter, serif]The reader is free to disagree with the above however he or she wishes. However, if you wish me to thoughtfully consider your position, please provide documentation to support your position. Please don’t bother to insult me and claim that I am wrong and you are right. That helps neither of us come to a better understanding of the truth. Thank you.[/FONT]