Actually shamah has given you a boatload of Scriptures to think upon and digest. But let us take this beyond those Scriptures.
Once Christians understand that the Ten Commandments are actually a revelation of the character of God -- His absolute righteousness and holiness -- everything else falls into place. Hence they could be condensed into the Law of Love (because God is Love) by Christ.
Did God created mankind in the image and likeness of God?
Absolutely
Does that mean that the character of God would also be embedded into mankind (Q)
Absolutely
Does every human being have a conscience (Q)
Absolutely
And does the Bible say that the conscience is a replica of the Law (the Ten Commandments) (Q)
Absolutely
So please take note of this passage in Romans 2.
5 ...and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;
6 Who will render to every man according to his deeds:
7 To them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life:
8 But unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath,
9 Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile;
10 But glory, honour, and peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile:
11 For there is no respect of persons with God.
12 For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law;
13 (For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.
14 For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:
15 Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another,
16 In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel.