Not in the sense of the idiom, no.
Every other use of "edify" or related words (edifies, etc.) is positive. Instead of assuming the positive meaning, you (and many others) impose the negative idiomatic meaning of "self-edification" onto the text. Paul didn't use an idiom in that verse, so taking the meaning of an English idiom and imposing it on the translation of a Greek sentence is flawed.
Every other use of "edify" or related words (edifies, etc.) is positive. Instead of assuming the positive meaning, you (and many others) impose the negative idiomatic meaning of "self-edification" onto the text. Paul didn't use an idiom in that verse, so taking the meaning of an English idiom and imposing it on the translation of a Greek sentence is flawed.
1 Cor 12 - we see that gifts are to benefit all and Paul tries to draw a correlation of how different body parts work for the common good of the whole body and not self.
1 Cor 13 - Paul draws us to the attention of love, so clearly, all gifts have their source in love and one thing about love is that it is not self seeking, it is always about others and not self.
1 Cor 14:1 - Paul starts his argument about a wrong in Corinth he wrote to correct by telling them to follow the way of love, meaning that even as they pursue the gifts of the Holy spirit, they should be thinking about others rather than self.
There's no way therefore, the self edification spoken of in 1 Cor 14 could be positive otherwise Paul would be contradicting himself.
Immediately after that, Paul has a lengthy explanation of how to use tongues and at the same time express love - it is to edify others with your tongue and if one is not going to that, they should keep quiet. He says keep quiet if it is not for others, he doesn't say go and pray for yourself.