You are exactly right, the natural man, before he has been born again, as described in 1 Cor 2:14, has no desire to know the things of the Spirit, and also does not have the ability to know the things of the Spirit.
Even if you were right, Jesus designates the message of the need to be born again of the spirit as an earthly matter, not a heavenly matter in his discussion with Nicodemus.
But you are wresting 1 Cor. 2:14 out of it's context to force it to fit into your systematic.
Paul says
his preaching of the cross was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, that the Corinthians' faith should not stand in the wisdom of men but in the power of God. 1 Cor. 2:4-5
Then he goes on to say that he does speak wisdom
among them that are perfect (i.e. already believers), the wisdom of God in a revealed secret (musterion), which carries us along towards glory, 1 Cor. 2:6-7, and which Colossians calls "Christ in us, the hope of glory" Col. 1:26-29.
Paul says this wisdom/mystery he is now speaking of is "the things which God has prepared for them that
are loving Him," v. 9 i.e. Christians. He is ot speaking now of the things that bring one to that state of loving God, i.e. the preached saving message of the cross that reveals God's love for us so that we are moved to love Him back.
Paul says that these things
that pertain to what Christ in us makes possible for us to perform, are "the deep things of God", revealed to us by His Spirit. v. 10-11
He says that the reason
we who already love God have been given the Spirit is for this very purpose, to be taught these deep things of God that are freely given by God
to those who already love God. v. 12-13
It is only in this context that Paul goes on to say that the natural/soulish/psuchikos man, the unbeliever who does not have the spirit of God, cannot receive these deep "things of the spirit" he is now speaking of, because one needs the Spirit within to enable understanding of them. v.14
His point is to motivate a hunger for this deeper understanding by emphasising the privilege we have over the unbeliever in having the mind of Christ in the person of the Holy Spirit to reveal the treasures we have in Christ, whereas to the unbeliever, who has not accepted the message of the humble, self-sacrificial love of the omnipotent Creator for the sake of rebels he is choosing not to impute their own sins to, the principles of kingdom iiving that apply to those who love God, and involve expressing to others the same kind of humble, sacrificial, merciful love are foolishness. We cannot give to others what we have not first received. vv. 15-16