Okay...thought-provoking non-fiction:
Anything by Malcolm Gladwell
All the Freakonomics books
Stride Toward Freedom
For the Life of the World by Alexander Schmeman
On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft by Stephen King...part informative non-fiction about writing and part memoir
Then there are some GREAT memoirs out there:
The Tender Bar
The Glass Castle
Night
The Autobiography of Malcolm X
The Hiding Place
Cheaper by the Dozen
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
Girl Meets God
The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother
If you haven't previously been a big reader, then there are lots of brilliant children's classics that you may not have read. The great thing about reading children's lit is that it can usually be done in an afternoon. Here's what I recommend:
All of the Little House on the Prairie books
Anything and everything by Roald Dahl
The Secret Garden
A Wrinkle in Time
From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
The Outsiders
Holes
The Wizard of Earthsea
Phantom Tollbooth
Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry
The Hatchet series by Gary Paulsen
And lastly....the classics. Sometimes these are slightly longer reads because they are more dense that your typical novels. I recommend:
Lord of the Flies
Anything and everything by John Steinbeck
To Kill a Mockingbird
The Great Gatsby
The Call of the Wild
Red Badge of Courage
A collection of Hemingway's SHORT STORIES (These, imo, are better than his novels)
The Count of Monte Cristo
Pride and Prejudice
Great Expectations (and everything else by Dickens)
Jane Eyre
Treasure Island
Hamlet by Shakespeare (a play, but a weighty one)
The Odyssey
Beowulf
The Oedipus Cycle (a series of ancient Greek plays)
Vanity Fair
A Passage to India
Okay...I could go on, but that's a loooong list along with all the other recommendations.