The Molinism system has theological implications for a variety of doctrines. Under it, God retains a measure of divine providence without hindering man's freedom (in the libertarian sense). Because God has middle knowledge, He knows what an agent will freely do in a particular situation. So, agent A, when placed in circumstance C, will freely choose option X over option Y. Thus, if God wanted to accomplish X, all God would do is, using his middle knowledge, actualize the world in which A was placed in C, and A would freely choose X. God retains an element of providence without nullifying A's choice and God's purpose (the actualization of X) is fulfilled.
Molinists also believe it can aid one's understanding of salvation. Ever since
Augustine and
Pelagius there has been debate over the issue of salvation; more specifically how can God elect believers and believers still come to God freely?
Protestants who lean more towards God's election and
sovereignty are usually
Calvinists while those who lean more towards man's free choice follow
Arminianism.
[4] However, the Molinist can embrace both God's
sovereignty and man's free choice.
[5]
Take the salvation of Agent A. God knows that if He were to place A in circumstances C, then A will freely choose to believe in Christ. So God actualizes the world where C occurs, and then A freely believes. God still retains a measure of His
divine providence because He actualizes the world in which A freely chooses. But, A still retains his
libertarian freedom. It is important to note that Molinism does not affirm two contradictory
propositions when it affirms both God's providence and man's freedom. God's providence extends to the actualization of the world in which an agent may believe upon Christ. Molinism splits from
Calvinism by affirming that God is not the primary cause of salvation, but also splits from
Arminianism because it has a higher view of the role of God's sovereignty in salvation.
[6]
Molinism has also been used to describe the
biblical canon being formed under God, while still being chosen by humans in the history of the church. If God could survey the various possible worlds and see in which one the correct canon was chosen, then God would be able to actualize that particular world in which the correct canon is preserved. In this way God can provide the modern church with the correct set of books.