The "New" Covenant
Hebrews 8:10-13 NT
10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:
11 And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest.
12 For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more.
13 In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.
Also found in:
Jeremiah 31:31-34 OT
31 Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the Lord:
33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the Lord, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.
34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.
However, if we see in the greek text we find that the word "new" is not really new in the sense of it never existing before but rather new in quality.
Hebrew 8:13 (KJV)
In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.
In greek text this verse translates as:
Hebrew 8:13 (Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550)
ἐν τῷ λέγειν Καινὴν πεπαλαίωκεν τὴν πρώτην· τὸ δὲ παλαιούμενον καὶ γηράσκον ἐγγὺς ἀφανισμοῦ
The definition:
2537 kainós – properly, new in quality (innovation), fresh in development or opportunity – because "not found exactly like this before."
3501 néos – new ("new on the scene"); recently revealed or "what was not there before" (TDNT), including what is recently discovered.
3501 /néos ("new on the scene") suggests something "new in time" – in contrast to its near-synonym (2537 /kainós, "new in quality").
Now if it said neos then I can take it as new as it never existing before but it doesn't use neos.
Additionally, this "new" covenant was already established with the house of Isreal. Therefore, it cannot be "new".
I've broken down the "new" covenant.
Hebrew 8: NT
10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:
Deuteronomy 6:6 OT
And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart:
Exodus 6:7
7 And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the Lord your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.
Hebrew 8:
11 And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest.
Isaiah 54:
13 And all thy children shall be taught of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children.
Hebrew 8:
12 For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more.
Psalms 103:
8 The Lord is merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and plenteous in mercy.
9 He will not always chide: neither will he keep his anger for ever.
10 He hath not dealt with us after our sins; nor rewarded us according to our iniquities.
11 For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his mercy toward them that fear him.
12 As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us.
Someone please explain how the new covenant is "new". I think, Ideally the "old" covenant was always intended to be followed by heart but the people had hearts of stone, and in turn were unable to grasp the purpose of his commandments. They tried to keep them by their means which failed horribly.
Ezekiel 11:
19 And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them an heart of flesh:
20 That they may walk in my statutes, and keep mine ordinances, and do them: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God.
Now if we look at the "new" commandment found in John 13:34 we find the same Greek word for new.
John 13:34 (KJV) NT
34 A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
John 13:34 (Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550)
ἐντολὴν καινὴν δίδωμι ὑμῖν ἵνα ἀγαπᾶτε ἀλλήλους καθὼς ἠγάπησα ὑμᾶς ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀγαπᾶτε ἀλλήλους
But again it was previously commanded.
Leviticus 19: OT
18 Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the Lord.
I know there are other verses that have the same "new" word and I find it interesting how it changes meaning, point, etc. but maybe that should be for another thread. I just wanted to put my two cents on the "new" covenant. If someone has a different understanding feel free to reply.