My take is what is the discussion at the time of writing.
Has God made a mistake choosing Israel..
As paul said, Israel was chosen by God, To them were given the adoption, The glory, the covenants, The Law, The services of God, the promises, and through whom Christ in the flesh came.
Yet they rejected God are apposed to their messiah, Crucified their messiah, and want nothing to do with Christianity.
They meaning Judah not Israel
Christianity is in reality a Jewish religion, It has the jewish torah, The jewish Laws, The Jewish Messiah,
The Laws were Israelite laws, not Jewish Laws. The Torah was Israelite, etc etc
And to the gentile, You want me to follow this new religion that even the people to whome it come from reject?
Thats a little hard to take for most people who had to question it.
Simply incorrect EG. Most of Israel accepted Christ, only Judah rejected him
So paul spends 3 chapters explaining all the questions posed. And even answered some responses to some of th ejewish argument also.
for example.
A jew would say, We were chosen because of fathers were righteous.
Pauls response.
God chose them not because their fathers were righteous. He chose them before they were even born for it is said, two children, who had not even been born, before they DID ANY GOOD OR EVIL, that the purpose of ELECTION might stand, not because of works, but of him who calls. "the older shall serve the younger" as it is written "Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated"
Both quotes were taken from OT, one concerning the birth of two nations (Jacob and Esau) saying how the older will serve the younger (the older CHILD never served the younger, the Nation of edom did)
The other, written long after both CHILDREN had long since died, About a nation God loved, and a nation God did not love as much (hated)
the rest of the chapters continue in this context. to answer questions.
ie, I look at it from a historical perspective, Who it was written to.