Hell is used in place of four different words, maybe five: Hades, Gehenna, Sheol, Tartaros.
THE word "hell" occurs in our common version 54 times, 31 in the Old Testament and 23 in the New. It is a translation of 4 different words in the original, one (Sheol) in the Old, and three (Hades, Gehenna, Tartaros) in the New.
The last, Tartaros, occurs but once (2 Pet. 2:4).
Gehenna appears 12 times, it is always translated "hell," and it is always connected with burning and corruption.
Sheol and Hades, the other two, are synonymous terms, as will be demonstrated, and altogether occur 76 times. 41 times they are translated hell, 32 times grave, and 3 times pit.
While Sheol, Hades and Tartaros refer to the same place or state, Gehenna is entirely different in meaning.
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SHEOL is a term for the place of the dead in general, and for this reason "hell" in its original and uncorrupted meaning is a better word for sheol than "grave" is.
"Grave" primarily means the specific place of a particular corpse or corpses. The Hebrew for this is geber, as --
On the other hand, sheol in the Hebrew and "hell" in its primary meaning are general terms as (Psa. 6:5) --
- "My grave (geber) which I digged for me" (Gen. 50:5).
"The king wept at the grave (geber) of Abner" (2 Sam. 3:32).
However, while "grave" used as a general term will well fit all passages where sheol occurs, "hell" in the popular sense would be absurd in some places and would immediately reveal the popular error. For example, where Jacob says (Gen. 37:35) --
- "In the grave (sheol) who shall give Thee thanks?"
"Hell (sheol) and destruction are never full" (Prov. 27:20).
And where Job says (14:13) --
- "I will go down into sheol unto my son mourning."
It is not to be supposed that either Jacob or Job anticipated or hoped to go to eternal torment.
- "O that Thou wouldest hide me in sheol."
In all the 65 places where sheol is found, there is not one that gives any countenance to the idea of a place of burning torment of the damned. It is always in the sense of the general hidden state of the dead -- all the dead -- good and bad alike.
And not only is sheol used as the resting place of all the dead indiscriminately, but we have specific mention of righteousness and approved men going there and expecting to go there.
We have seen this of Jacob and Job. Also David (Psa. 88:3), Hezekiah (Isa. 38:10), Christ (Psa. 16:10; Acts 2:31; 3:15), and all the faithful (compare Hos. 13:14 with 1 Cor. 15:54-56).
Sheol is a place of silence --
There is no remembrance there (Psa. 6:5) --
- "Let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in Sheol" (Psa. 31:17).
"The dead praise not the Lord, neither any that go down into silence" (Psa. 115:17).
Sheol is "in the dust" and there we "rest together" "in darkness" (Job 17:13-16). Beauty is consumed there (Psa. 49:14). There is no work or knowledge there --
- "In death there is no remembrance of Thee, in Sheol who shall give Thee thanks?"
It is dark there, and is called the "land of forgetfulness," and "destruction" --
- "There is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in Sheol whither thou goest" (Ecc. 9:10).
The "mighty" are spoken of as lying there with "their swords under their heads" (Eze. 32:27). This is a clear reference to the ancient custom of burying warriors in their graves with their weapons of war, but quite at variance with the traditional hell of torment.
- "Wilt Thou show wonders to the dead? Shall the dead arise and praise Thee?"
"Shall Thy loving kindness be declared in Sheol? Or Thy faithfulness in destruction?"
"Shall Thy wonders be known in the dark? And Thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?" (Psa. 88:10-12).-
*Have to spread the rep around*
Hi Magenta, If you have resources, I'd love to read more about this.
Also a couple of questions.
What about the parable with Abraham's bosom and Lazarus ?
Also, I've been taught it will be a new heaven and a new earth. Why do you believe it will be a restored earth? Thanks!