Thanks Angeleta, I am in awe of all your have learned. I have not studied the languages and you have. I am going by what people who have studied it tells me.
I cannot see that what I have been told is nonsense though, for aren't the scrolls that were studied still in Hebrew? What language did Gamalier use? It was my understanding that these scrolls he used were in Hebrew. I also was under the impression that the Hebrew scholars still used Hebrew. So many words in scripture need Hebrew to fully understand, it seemed to me, like shalom or Torah.
As I said, the boys were taught Hebrew in the synagogue schools. So the men could read and maybe pronounce Biblical Hebrew. But it was a dead language, since it was not used in normal conversations or in the market place or homes. Even Jesus spoke Aramaic when he spoke to the crowds, not Hebrew. He also told jokes, mostly puns, that don't come through in Greek. That is how scholars know Jesus was speaking Aramaic, because the jokes don't work in other languages.
When Jesus went before Pilate, there was nothing that said there was a translator. Jesus would have known Greek, from his work with Joseph as a carpenter. The Romans were constructing buildings and whole cities (not mentioned in the Bible, but known by archeology!) These building projects would have provided jobs for tradespeople. Jesus would have learned Greek there and maybe he even studied it, like Paul did.
Probably some could read the scrolls. I wonder what language the scroll Jesus read from Isaiah in the synagogue to announce he was the Messiah, and that he fulfilled the prophecy was?
It might well have been Hebrew, because that was the last place Hebrew was used. But by the time of Jesus, no one was thinking in Hebrew as their basic heart language. Alexander made sure that in a few generations his Greek kingdom would be Greek talkers and thinkers. Many Jewish men tried to have their circumcisions undone so they would be able to go to the gymnasiums and compete, with a more beautiful (according to the Greeks) body. They were undoing their old covenant symbol of being set apart to God.
Again, God did have a purpose. Israel had failed as God's chosen people. Hebrew was dead, Greek replaced it. When the Bible manuscripts were written in Greek and then copied and sent out, everyone understood Greek. There was no complicated process of translating the Greek NT scrolls into multiple obscure languages. Instead, the world was ready and waiting to hear the gospel in Greek, a language they knew. The Jews had failed God, by sinning, worshipping other gods, putting their children through the fire. The 10 tribes of Israel were taken into captivity by the Assyrians in 722 BC. They were dispersed into the nations, and ceased to exist as a nation. Judah also failed God, and were taken into captivity by the Babylonians. But God preserved them, and the lineages, so when Jesus returned, he could prove he was a descendent of David, and part of the house of Judah. All those separations, along with the Greeks and then the Romans, broke up the Jewish culture, including their language. Hebrew was replaced by Aramaic and Greek.