Heres a few more from wikipedia. Hope all the links are intact when i post this.
The word
theory in
the theory of evolution does not imply mainstream scientific doubt regarding its validity; the concepts of
theory and
hypothesis have specific meanings in a scientific context. While
theory in colloquial usage may denote a hunch or conjecture, a
scientific theory is a set of principles that explains
observable phenomena in
natural terms.
[131][132] Evolution is a theory in the same sense as
germ theory,
gravitation, or
plate tectonics.
Humans did not evolve from
chimpanzees[134] or any other modern-day primates. Humans and monkeys share a
common ancestor that lived about 40 million years ago.
[135] This common ancestor diverged into separate lineages, one evolving into so-called
New World monkeys and the other into
Old World monkeys and
apes.
[136] Humans are part of the
Hominidae (great ape) family, which also includes chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. Similarly, the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, which lived between 5 and 8 million years ago, evolved into two lineages, one eventually becoming modern humans and the other the two extant
chimpanzee species.
[137]
Evolution is not a progression from inferior to superior organisms, and it also does not necessarily result in an
increase in complexity. A population can evolve to become simpler, having a smaller
genome, but
devolution is a
misnomer.
[138][139]
According to the
California Academy of Sciences, around 41% of U.S. adults mistakenly believe humans and
dinosaurs coexisted.
[140] However, the last of the non-
avian dinosaurs died 65.5 million years ago, after the
Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, whereas the earliest
Homo genus (humans) evolved between 2.3 and 2.4 million years ago.
Evolution does not violate the
Second Law of Thermodynamics. A common argument against evolution is that entropy, according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, increases over time, and thus evolution could not produce increased
complexity. However, the law does not refer to complexity and only applies to closed systems,
[141] which the Earth is not, as it absorbs and radiates the Sun's energy.
See also:
Entropy and life
Evolution does not "plan" to improve an organism's fitness to survive.
[143][144] For example, an incorrect way to describe giraffe evolution is to say that giraffe necks grew longer over time because they needed to reach tall trees. Evolution doesn't see a need and respond to it. A mutation resulting in longer necks would be more likely to benefit an animal in an area with tall trees than an area with short trees, and thus enhance the chance of the animal surviving to pass on its longer-necked genes. Tall trees could not cause the mutation nor would they cause a higher percentage of animals to be born with longer necks.
[145] In the giraffe example, the evolution of a long neck may equally well have been driven by
sexual selection, proposing that the long necks evolved as a secondary
sexual characteristic, giving males an advantage in "necking" contests over females.
[146]
Mammals did not evolve from any modern group of
reptiles, just like humans have not evolved from chimpanzees (above). Very soon after the first reptiles appeared, they split into two branches.
[147] The line leading to mammals diverged from the line leading to modern reptilian lines (the
sauropsids) about 320 million years ago, in the mid
Carboniferous period. Only later (late Carboniferous or early Permian) did the modern reptilian groups (
lepidosaurs,
turtles and
crocodiles) diverge. The mammals themselves being the only survivors of the synapsid line make them the "cousins" rather than "siblings" of modern reptiles.
[148] The confusion over the origin of mammals comes from conflicting definition of "Reptile". Under
Linnaean taxonomy reptiles are all
amniotes except mammals and birds, thus including the synapsids as well as the first basal amniotes.
[149] With the rise of
phylogenetic nomenclature in the 1990's, "reptile" also sometimes became use as a synonym for Sauropsida, which exclude the basal amniotes and the synapsid line.
[150] The synapsids are popularly known as "mammal-like reptiles". An example is
Dimetrodon, which is often thought of as a dinosaur, but is in fact neither a dinosaur nor closely related to modern reptiles.
[151]