1 Tim 2:1-7
2:1 I urge, then, first of all, that requests, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for everyone— 2 for kings and all those in authority, that we may live peaceful and quiet lives in all godliness and holiness. 3 This is good, and pleases God our Savior, 4 who desires all men to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth. 5 For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, 6 who gave himself as a ransom [for all men the testimony given in its proper time. 7 And for this purpose I was appointed a herald and an apostle — I am telling the truth, I am not lying and a teacher of the true faith to the Gentiles.
NIV
I'm going to quickly run through this for passage. Paul's audience = Timothy. Timothy had a Gentile father and Jewish mother; therefore, Jews themselves would have considered him to be Jewish.
As a Jew, Paul is affirming to Timothy that Jesus is also the Savior of the Gentiles, hence the phrase "all men". I say this because of the way Jews understood their relationship to the "world", i.e. to the Gentile nations. Timothy very likely had the following mindset instilled into him by his mother: The Jews never thought of themselves as being related to the nations of the word. They thought of themselves as the chosen, covenant, clean, circumcised, privileged people of God whereas the other nations were profane, unclean, uncircumcised, paganish and, therefore, separated from the Jews. Timothy very likely had this mindset; and Paul's choice of words here does NOT leave the possibility open that he was telling his disciple that God desires the salvation of Jews AND Gentiles, i.e. "all men" in the world in the distributive sense. In v. 7 Paul limits "all men" in vv. 4 and 6 to the Gentiles to whom God appointed Paul to preach the gospel. And this is perfectly in keeping with how the ancient Jews perceived themselves and the rest of the world: Jews and all other nations, of which the Jews wanted no part (cf. 1Jn 2:2 to see how John also makes a distinction between Jewish believers and Gentiles). So, "all men" consist of the Gentiles in the limited sense for whom God appointed Paul to preach the gospel. If "all men" = each and every person in the distributive sense, then an interpreter to be consistent with him/herself would have to say that Paul was appointed by God to preach to each and every Gentile in the distributive sense, as well. But did Paul do that? Or if Paul meant "all men" in the distributive sense, then why didn't he say that God sent him to preach to the Jews and the Gentiles? The glaring omission of the Jews in this passage logically limits the extent of "all men" to only the Gentiles -- and not each and every Gentile either (cf. 1Tim 4:10 and pay close attention to the qualifying phrase, "especially of believers" and to the present tense verb "is").