Romans 11:26 — "All Israel will be saved."
- Paul has spent three chapters (Romans 9-11) carefully distinguishing ethnic Israel from Gentile believers, explicitly grieving that his own kinsmen according to the flesh (9:3) are currently enemies of the gospel (11:28). If "all Israel" here means the church, who are the enemies-of-the-gospel branches that get re-grafted in (11:23-24)?
No, Paul spent chapters 9-11 distinguishing Israel after the flesh from Israel after the spirit, ie, the remnant, and stating that only a remnant of natural Israel was saved. Therefore, to be consistent with everything he wrote in those 3 chapters, all Israel has to be interpreted as all those of faith in Israel throughout history who will be saved in the same manner, ie, by the new covenant removal of their sins.