The bottom line is both water baptism in the name of Jesus for remission of sin, and receiving the Holy Ghost are essential elements of the New Testament rebirth that was instituted on the Day of Pentecost. Scripture confirms this. The sequence varies but both are required as evidenced by the detailed conversion accounts. (Acts 2:4, 33; 8:12-18, 9:17-18, 10:43-48, 19:1-7, 22:16)Romans 6:3-6 is not speaking of water baptism. You're reading that into the text. It's the Spirit baptism that saves, not water. The word baptism is an action, a verb, and water is not part of the definition. That's the error that many, like Catholics, make today. They read the word baptism, and assume water into it's definition because they were taught that way. It's a baptism by faith that places us into Christ. Literally, the baptism with the Holy Spirit is the placing into Jesus Christ with the indwelling Holy Spirit. Jesus is the baptizer, not a OT priest who is obsolete, and the Holy Spirit is the agent of that baptism, not water. We have the High Priest Himself, Jesus, living inside us. That spiritual union gives us everything we need, as we are complete in Him and lacking nothing. We only need Him to mediate for us. No more priesthood, no more Temples, no more OT types, we have the Reality.
Colossians 2:9-14, Galatians 3:26-27, and 1 Peter 3:21 are all speaking of the Spirit baptism. Except when Peter tells us that which saves us is not water baptism, or, not the removal of filth from the flesh. The whole chapter 3 in Galatians applies.
For by One Spirit, Capitol "S", the Holy Spirit, not water, we are placed into Jesus, the Body, the One True Church, and what we drink is spiritual.
They had already received the Holy Spirit before they were water baptized. I'm not saying for people to not get water baptized, it's an important public testimony, but it doesn't save anyone. What it points to saves people, the baptism by Jesus as a result of faith.
Again, the order in the original languages in that passage and the few others like it, water baptism can equally be translated as the result, which is in line with the rest of Scripture. It's the clear Gospel message to believe and be saved. Water baptism cannot save anyone. I can show you verses that say the same thing, but are absent water baptism, because it's the faith that saves. Believe and be saved.
1 Corinthians 1:17 For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel, not with wisdom of words, lest the cross of Christ should be made of no effect.
The Jewish baptism (Mikveh), which John built on, taking the many baptisms of the Jewish tradition by Law (which acted as a ceremonial cleanser of sorts), and did point towards Jesus in a way that OT believers would understand, (they, lacking the clear revelation of the NT), and turned it into a single prophetic act which pointed towards Jesus focusing on a public declaration of repentance. Both Johns water baptism and the NT water baptism pointed to the same Jesus, it's just that one was more focused and clear after the New revelation was revealed. It's the same revelation in the NT as the OT, as Jesus testified to, it's just more clear. The NT water baptism does not replace John's water baptism, rather, builds on it making a more precise and clear picture of Jesus' death and resurrection specifically. No magic formula. Water baptism changes over history because it's main purpose was to point, not to save. That idea is obvious when we see John in Matthew contrast his water baptism with the one true baptism that saves, the baptism with/by the Holy Spirit. So, the distinction that John made was between water baptism and Spirit baptism, one by him, the other by Jesus, not another water baptism.
Remember, with the Holy Spirit in us we are in Christ, without the Holy Spirit in us we are not in Christ. What makes us in Christ? The indwelling Holy Spirit. Romans 8:9-11. Believe and we are saved Romans 10:9-11. By that indwelling we are placed into Christ 1 Corinthians 12:13-14. It's a baptism by the Holy Spirit that places us in Christ, not a baptism with water. 1 Peter 3:21.
Do you also know that Cornelius was already declared righteous in promise (The righteousness of God Romans 3:25-26, 10:4) because he already had a genuine OT faith, just like Abraham (Romans 4:3, Acts 10:2)? He was a genuine OT believer, just like Lydia (Acts 16:14), just like all the people in Acts. Like Acts 19, the disciples of John the Baptist who had never heard the Gospel, but still had a genuine OT faith and were declared righteous in promise because of that faith. All those and more were given to the Son by the Father because they were genuine OT believers and predestined to believe the Gospel and be conformed to Christlikeness (Romans 8:28-29). Others, who already heard the Gospel and believed were due the Promise of the Father, the Holy Spirit indwelling (John 7:38-39), and were given the right to be Sons of God, born again, which would be the result of that placing into Christ by faith with the indwelling Spirit (John 1:12-13). And like the 120 (Acts 1:4-5), those who already believed the Gospel before Christ ascended, were owed that promise because they believed. That was a unique point in time in history, with unique circumstances that can never be repeated. Trying to form doctrines for today based on that unique point in time and it's unique circumstances is something that one must be very careful with. There are no more OT believers who are due the Promise of the Father. The transition is over. Try to stay in the Epistles if you can. They apply for us today in a historic sense accurately.
All those OT promises were fulfilled with the indwelling, that which places us into Christ Jesus, making us one with Him. A spiritual immersion by faith. A spiritual placing into by faith. With that spiritual union with Christ Jesus, being made one with Him, we are placed into His death and resurrection, dying with Him and being raised up with Him, born again. We are also imputed with the righteousness of God, that which justifies us, Jesus' perfect obedience to the Law. And that perfect obedience to the Law made Him alone, Jesus, an acceptable sacrifice for our atonement. The Lamb of God without blemish.
It's "the" Holy Spirit indwelling that they were waiting for, the New Covenant, a fulfillment of God's promises all the back to Ezekiel, not water baptism.
John 14:16-20, 26. John 15:26. John 16:7-16.
Here's the whole thing with regards to Cornelius.
Acts 11:14-17 who will tell you words by which you and all your household will be saved.' And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them, as upon us at the beginning. Then I remembered the word of the Lord, how He said, 'John indeed baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit.' If therefore God gave them the same gift as He gave us when we believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could withstand God?"
I just spent a month arguing with Catholics on another forum about what really saves us, and how they believed that water baptism initiated Spirit baptism was wrong. Catholics and those of like theology are forever holding onto the types to give the false appearance that the buildings and hierarchy are needed in a process of justification. I burned out and left that forum having learned my lesson. Aside from derailing this guys thread, I'm really not in the mood to argue about this, as I think it's a fruitless endeavor.
Dave
Upon obedience to water baptism believers are buried with Jesus into His death. And, receiving the Holy Ghost involves Him coming to dwell inside the believer.
Also, consider something important about Acts 11:14-17. Since God filled Cornelius and his household with the Holy Ghost when Peter began to speak, what did Peter mean by, "who was I to withstand God?" The only thing Peter did after they were filled was command they be water baptized in the name of Jesus. As such, he would have been withstanding God if he failed to give them the opportunity to obey the command in order for their sins to be remitted. (Luke 24:46-47, Acts 2:38, 22:16) Note verse 18: "When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life."
As to many of your other points. You err in your understanding due to taking verses out of context.