That is a good question.
Jerusalem also existed in a form prior to 1948, as it does now.
Most of us here also have some sort of concept of "Heavenly Jerusalem" which we will be manifest after this present earth is destroyed.
I think that Mystery Babylon is old covenant Jerusalem, which cannot ever exist again because the old covenant is no more.
"I think that Mystery Babylon is old covenant Jerusalem, which cannot ever exist again because the old covenant is no more."
Well then, you are thinking wrong. As is usual.
The claim that
“Mystery Babylon is old-covenant Jerusalem, which cannot ever exist again because the old covenant is no more” rests on a basic category error.
It confuses
Jerusalem,
Israel, and the
Mosaic covenant as though they were the same thing.
They are not.
Hebrews 8:13 says the old covenant became obsolete. That means the
Mosaic covenantal administration passed away. It does
not mean Jerusalem ceased to exist prophetically, Israel ceased to exist as a people, or the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants were cancelled.
Jerusalem is a city.
Israel is a people.
The Mosaic covenant was a covenant.
1. The end of the Mosaic covenant does not abolish Jerusalem
Jesus says:
“Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.”
— Luke 21:24
Paul likewise says:
“Blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in. And so all Israel shall be saved.”
— Romans 11:25–26
And:
“For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.”
— Romans 11:29
So the idea that Jerusalem or Israel became prophetically impossible after the old covenant ended is contradicted by the New Testament itself.
2. Future prophecy explicitly centers upon Jerusalem
Zechariah 12–14 describes Jerusalem in an unmistakably eschatological setting:
“I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling...”
— Zechariah 12:2
“They shall look upon me whom they have pierced...”
— Zechariah 12:10
“I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle...”
— Zechariah 14:2
“His feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives...”
— Zechariah 14:4
Revelation itself also contains a future Jerusalem. Revelation 11:2 calls it “the holy city,” and Revelation 11:8 identifies it as the place:
“where also our Lord was crucified.”
That is Jerusalem.
Therefore Revelation itself proves that Jerusalem remains prophetically relevant after the Mosaic covenant has passed away.
3. “Sodom and Egypt” does not equal Babylon
Revelation 11:8 says Jerusalem is
spiritually called Sodom and Egypt.
It does not say Babylon.
One cannot reason:
Jerusalem = symbolically Sodom/Egypt
therefore
Jerusalem = Babylon.
That is a non sequitur.
Babylon must be identified from Revelation 17–18 itself.
4. Revelation contrasts Babylon with Jerusalem
Mystery Babylon is portrayed as a
harlot:
“MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS...”
— Revelation 17:5
Jerusalem, by contrast, is portrayed as the
bride:
“Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife.”
Then John sees:
“that great city, the holy Jerusalem...”
— Revelation 21:9–10
The contrast is deliberate:
Babylon: harlot, corrupt, associated with the beast, judged and destroyed.
Jerusalem: bride, holy, associated with the Lamb.
Collapsing the two into one ignores Revelation's literary structure.
5. Babylon has worldwide power and commerce
Revelation 17:15 says the waters upon which Babylon sits are:
“peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.”
Then:
“The woman... is that great city, which reigneth over the kings of the earth.”
— Revelation 17:18
That is extremely difficult to apply to first-century Jerusalem.
Revelation 18 expands the picture further. Babylon's destruction devastates the
kings, merchants, shipmasters, and sailors of the earth.
John lists a massive international trade network involving gold, silver, precious stones, silk, ivory, iron, marble, spices, wine, oil, wheat, cattle, horses, chariots, and slaves.
Then:
“every shipmaster... and sailors... stood afar off.”
They cry:
“What city is like unto this great city!”
This is a vast international commercial system.
Where was Jerusalem the global maritime and economic center whose destruction devastated the merchants and sailors of the earth?
That must be proved, not merely asserted.
6. Revelation deliberately echoes Babylon and Tyre
Jeremiah says of Babylon:
“O thou that dwellest upon many waters...”
— Jeremiah 51:13
Compare:
“the great whore that sitteth upon many waters.”
— Revelation 17:1
Jeremiah also says:
“Babylon hath been a golden cup... that made all the earth drunken.”
— Jeremiah 51:7
Revelation 18 also strongly echoes Ezekiel 27's lament over
Tyre, where merchants, ships, and mariners mourn the destruction of a great commercial power.
John is drawing on
Babylonian, imperial, idolatrous, and commercial imagery, not merely renaming Jerusalem.
7. Killing prophets does not uniquely identify Jerusalem
Some appeal to Revelation 18:24:
“in her was found the blood of prophets, and of saints...”
and compare Matthew 23:37:
“O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets...”
But Jerusalem is not the only persecutor of God's people.
Revelation 13:7 says the beast makes war with the saints, and Revelation 17:6 says Babylon is:
“drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus.”
Persecution is therefore not an exclusive identifying fingerprint for Jerusalem.
8. Babylon's fall immediately precedes the Second Coming
The sequence is straightforward:
Revelation 17–18: Babylon destroyed.
Revelation 19: Heaven celebrates her judgment.
Revelation 19: Christ returns and destroys the beast and false prophet.
Revelation 20: The kingdom follows.
That creates major problems for an AD 70 Jerusalem interpretation.
Where was the Revelation 19 Second Coming immediately afterward?
Where were the beast and false prophet destroyed?
Where did Revelation 20 follow?
The chronology does not fit naturally.
9. The Mosaic covenant cannot cancel the Abrahamic covenant
This is the most fundamental error.
Paul explicitly says:
“The covenant... the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.”
— Galatians 3:17
The Law came later.
It cannot cancel God's earlier Abrahamic promises.
Therefore:
Mosaic covenant obsolete ≠ Abrahamic covenant obsolete.
10. Future Israel is restored under the New Covenant
Futurism does not require resurrecting Sinai.
Jeremiah says:
“I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah.”
— Jeremiah 31:31
Ezekiel likewise says Israel will be gathered back to the land and given a new heart:
“I will... bring you into your own land... A new heart also will I give you.”
— Ezekiel 36:24–26
So Israel's future restoration is not a return to the Mosaic covenant.
It is restoration under the
New Covenant.
Conclusion
The argument fails because it confuses Jerusalem with the Mosaic covenant, ignores the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants, ignores Zechariah's future Jerusalem, ignores Revelation 11's future Jerusalem, and fails to explain Babylon's worldwide political, economic, and maritime character.
The Mosaic covenant is obsolete.
Jerusalem is not.
Israel is not.
The Abrahamic covenant is not.
And God's prophetic program for Jerusalem is not.
Whatever Mystery Babylon ultimately represents, the claim that it must be “old-covenant Jerusalem” because Jerusalem supposedly cannot have a prophetic future is biblically unsustainable.