God's people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Paul also said, And indeed, there must be differences among
you to show which of you are approved. However, I understand what you are saying. God's purposes will stand.
I think you are trying hard there but struggling to wrap your head around some things. Please allow me to throw some concepts and verses at you.
You referenced Hosea 4:6 (although also Isaiah 5:13) which says:
"6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge:
because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children." (Emphasis added.)
There is a difference between rejecting knowledge and God having never given it. Essentially everyone is in the God having never given it category on somethings (1 Cor. 13:8-12, especially 12a), and God uses this to test us as we are presented with more truth (prophetic word).
As for the differences Paul spoke of in 1 Corinthians 11:19 ("For there must also be factions among you, so that those who are approved may become evident among you"), they are all evidential differences of the Holy Spirit's working in a person or body, or the lack thereof, and I would say knowledge is a much lesser evidence that is secondary to other traits. (But still in there per 1 John 2:27. See below.) I speak from experience because I have identified people that were an extreme surprise that they didn't have Holy Spirit (ex. went to church weekly, studied their Bible regularly, etc.), but because of the difference in things more related to what is discussed in 1 John, the truth eventually became evident.
1 John 2:4
"The one who says, “I have come to know Him,” and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him;"
1 John 2:9-11
"9 The one who says he is in the Light and
yet hates his brother is in the darkness until now. 10 The one who loves his brother abides in the Light and there is no cause for stumbling in him. 11 But the one who hates his brother is in the darkness and walks in the darkness, and does not know where he is going because the darkness has blinded his eyes."
1 John 2:27
"27 As for you, the anointing which you received from Him abides in you, and you have no need for anyone to teach you; but as His anointing teaches you about all things, and is true and is not a lie, and just as it has taught you, you abide in Him. "
1 John 3:3
"3 And everyone who has this hope
fixed on Him purifies himself, just as He is pure. "
1 John 3:6-8
" No one who abides in Him sins; no one who sins has seen Him or knows Him. 7 Little children, make sure no one deceives you; the one who practices righteousness is righteous, just as He is righteous; 8 the one who practices sin is of the devil; for the devil has sinned from the beginning."
1 John 3:9-10
"9 No one who is born of God practices sin, because His seed abides in him; and he cannot sin, because he is born of God. 10
By this the children of God and the children of the devil are obvious: anyone who does not practice righteousness is not of God, nor the one who does not love his brother." (Emphasis added.)
Also, there are the fruit of the flesh and the Spirit as discussed in Galatians 5. Note that knowledge is not mentioned.
"19 Now the deeds of the flesh are evident, which are: immorality, impurity, sensuality, 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, disputes, dissensions, factions, 21 envying, drunkenness, carousing, and things like these, of which I forewarn you, just as I have forewarned you, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.
22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law. 24 Now those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. "