There was no Israel in the first century Israel as a nation or kingdom ceased to exist as a singular nation after the death of Solomon. One became two separate nations in accordance to what God said he would do.
I Kings 11:9-13
9And the LORD was angry with Solomon, because his heart was turned from the LORD God of Israel, which had appeared unto him twice,
10And had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not go after other gods: but he kept not that which the LORD commanded.
11Wherefore the LORD said unto Solomon, Forasmuch as this is done of thee, and thou hast not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I have commanded thee, I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant.
12Notwithstanding in thy days I will not do it for David thy father's sake:
but I will rend it out of the hand of thy son.
13Howbeit I will not rend away all the kingdom;
but will give one tribe to thy son for David my servant's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake which I have chosen.
In the first century there was Judea which was no nation but a vassal state. A definition of a nation is one that has and uses it's own currency. We know who's likeness was upon the currency that Judea used. Why also a reason the Lord overturned the money changers as Jews believed that Roman money was unclean and had to be exchanged for coins deemed "clean" to be used at the Temple complex. Some sources say that they were ripping them off in the exchange rate. Which God hates crooked scales.
There has been no nation of Israel since the death of Solomon as done by God himself until 1948 when done by God himself the nation of Israel began to exist. So how does something that did not exist in the first century, end?
Also of note the Jews and the disciples had a very distinct understanding of those scriptures and a return of Israel as a nation or kingdom. Christ also known for correcting the understanding of scripture, get thee behind me Satan, you err not knowing the scriptures and the power of God, and etc.
They had a understanding and they directly asked Christ would the kingdom be restored to them at that time.
Acts 1:6-7
6When they therefore were come together, they asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?
7And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power.
restore is the Greek word
apokathístēmi which means- properly, restore back to original standing, i.e. that existed before a fall.
kingdom the Greek word
basileía- properly, kingdom; the realm in which a king sovereignly rules.
They were not asking about a spiritual kingdom but an earthly one as they understood from the old testament scriptures. Christ is aware just what they are asking and he does not correct them but instead says that is for God to know and is in his own power.
So when was this nation or kingdom of Israel in the first century restored then ceased to exist?