AMEN brother! Amen! The New Covenant is 1,000% EFFECTUAL GRACE. God isn't a potential Savior. Nor a possible Savior. Nor does he toss people life preserver lines giving them opportunities to save themselves. He actually SAVES His covenant people which are Abraham's descendants!
We discussed this topic a few months ago, did we not? And you're still not convinced?
To answer your question: Both! Paul wrote to believers in Rome who consisted of Jews and Gentiles, however this latter audience was the predominant one per Rom 1. The Gentiles in Rome were very likely Jewish proselytes before they converted to Christianity, and Jewish converts to the Faith very likely shared the gospel with them. There's no compelling reason to think that many if not most of the Gentiles in Rome didn't have any knowledge of the Law.
Hello Rufus.
There is no mention of Jewish proselytes in the text (Romans).
I will give this over to Ai.
Romans 7:6
But now we have been released from the Law, having died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in newness of the Spirit and not in oldness of the letter.
Your questions are insightful and tap into important interpretive issues in the book of Romans—especially regarding to whom Paul is speaking and what he means when he refers to “the Law.” Let’s address each of your questions step by step, grounded in Scripture and context.
🔹 1. Is Romans 7:6 written to Jews, Gentiles, or Gentile proselytes to Judaism?
Romans 7:6 was primarily written with Jewish believers in mind, but it's included in a letter addressed to a mixed audience of Jews and Gentiles in the Roman church (Romans 1:7).
In Romans 7:1, Paul begins:
“Or do you not know, brothers—for I am speaking to those who know the law…”
This intro indicates he is addressing those familiar with the Mosaic Law, clearly referencing Jewish believers or possibly God-fearing Gentiles/proselytes who had adopted Jewish law observance.
The metaphor about being released from the Law through death (vv.1–6) would be meaningful mainly to Jews, who were bound by the Mosaic covenant.
🔹 2. Were the Gentiles ever under the Law?
No, Gentiles were never under the Mosaic Law as a covenantal system. Paul makes this clear elsewhere in Romans.
Romans 2:14
“For when Gentiles who do not have the law do instinctively the things of the law…”
This confirms Gentiles did not receive the Law, but they had conscience and natural revelation.
Ephesians 2:11–12 (also by Paul) says Gentiles were:
“...excluded from citizenship in Israel and foreigners to the covenants of the promise…”
The Mosaic Law was given specifically to Israel (Exodus 19–20), not to the nations.
🔹 3. Does Paul mention that the Gentiles do not have the Law in Romans?
Yes. As mentioned above, Romans 2:12–15 is very explicit:
Romans 2:14-15 (ESV):
“For when Gentiles, who do not have the law, by nature do what the law requires… they show that the work of the law is written on their hearts…”
Here, Paul contrasts the written Law (Torah) given to Jews with a moral awareness that even Gentiles possess via conscience.
This shows:
Gentiles were never under the Mosaic Law.
However, they still stand accountable before God via natural law or conscience (Romans 1–2).
🔹 4. Does Romans 10:1–4 isolate the Jews as the focus?
Yes, Romans 10:1–4 is clearly focused on Israel (ethnic Jews):
“Brothers, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for them is that they may be saved. For I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge. For, being ignorant of the righteousness of God, and seeking to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.”
"Them" = Israel, as defined in Romans 9:31–32 and Romans 10:1.
Paul is lamenting that Israel pursued righteousness through the Law and missed Christ, the end (telos) of the Law.
🔹 5. Are Romans 2–11 primarily focused on Jews?
Not exclusively, but there is a strong focus on Jewish-Gentile distinctions and God’s plan for Israel and the nations throughout Romans 2–11.
Romans 2–3 contrasts Jews who have the Law and Gentiles who do not, but both are shown to be equally sinful.
Romans 4 uses Abraham to show justification is by faith, not law—relevant to both Jews and Gentiles.
Romans 9–11 is almost entirely focused on Israel’s past, present rejection, and future restoration.
Paul addresses questions like:
“Has God rejected His people?” (Romans 11:1)
So while Gentiles are clearly addressed in the letter, Paul's extended focus on Israel’s role in God’s redemptive history makes these chapters uniquely oriented toward Jewish concerns—even as he also explains the inclusion of the Gentiles.