How then are we to understand the scriptures? The scriptures themselves answer that question for us, as is discussed in the following article:
[SIZE=+3]Our Hermeneutics[/SIZE]
When Christ is confronted by the Jews "for blasphemy, and because you, being a man, make yourself God"3 in John 10:33, Jesus' response is quite profound.
Nevertheless, this is impossible with men (Mark 10:27), but not with God (Luke 18:27). True faith, and thus true honest literal interpretation, is unattainable with men left to themselves (Jeremiah 13:23).
No true righteousness (right living) exists apart from faith in God's word (Romans 14:23), and no true faith in Christ (God's word) exists apart from true godly living (works, 1 John 2:4). Thus, on the Day of Judgment those who truly believe will be those who are justified by how they lived, and those who did not believe, though they may have claimed to, will be condemned by how they lived (e.g. Matthew 7:21-23). This is well illustrated in the sheep and goats in Matthew 25:31-46. Both groups are judged entirely on how they lived. The sheep inherit the kingdom, and the goats eternal torment.
What's the implication and meaning of the surrounding context? Abraham was not justified by works. Abraham was one who did "not work" (Romans 4:5) and was found righteous "apart from works" (Romans 4:6). What's the difference between James 2 and Romans 4? The difference is in the works. The works of James 2 are works of faith, which obviously please God (e.g. Genesis 22). But the works of Romans 4 are works of the flesh.
Here are works of faith mentioned, as it says, "The just [i.e. the righteous] shall live by faith." In other words, godly people live, act, do, work, etc., all that they do by faith. These are those who are considered "just" before God.
Romans 8:8 says,
Works of the flesh are at enmity with God (Romans 8:7) and can never please Him (Hebrews 11:6). It doesn't matter what the work or deed is, if it is not of faith it is of the flesh and is sin (Romans 14:23; Proverbs 21:4). This is why "our righteousnesses are like filthy rags" (Isaiah 64:6), because they are not of faith. And, this is why "by the deeds of the law no flesh shall be justified" (Romans 3:20), because performing the requirements of the law without faith will not please God (Hebrews 11:6).
[SIZE=+3]Our Hermeneutics[/SIZE]
The Scripture cannot be broken. (John 10:35)
I have not shunned to declare to you the whole counsel of God. (Acts 20:27)
You shall not add to the word which I command you, nor take from it. (Deuteronomy 4:2; see also 12:32; Proverbs 30:5-6; Revelation 22:18-19)
On occasion we are asked, "What is your hermeneutical approach to Scripture?" That is, what is our "method or principle of interpretation,"1 our "methodological principles"2 when interpreting the Bible? It is the same approach as Christ's, Paul's, and Moses'. It is a literal approach ("Scripture cannot be broken") with the whole counsel of God considered (i.e. all of the Bible), and it is a limited approach, neither adding to nor taking away from the text of Scripture.I have not shunned to declare to you the whole counsel of God. (Acts 20:27)
You shall not add to the word which I command you, nor take from it. (Deuteronomy 4:2; see also 12:32; Proverbs 30:5-6; Revelation 22:18-19)
[SIZE=+2]I. Literal[/SIZE]
[SIZE=+1]A. Scripture Cannot Be Broken.[/SIZE]
When Christ is confronted by the Jews "for blasphemy, and because you, being a man, make yourself God"3 in John 10:33, Jesus' response is quite profound.
Is it not written in your law, "I said, 'You are gods'"? If He called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken), do you say of Him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, "You are blaspheming," because I said, "I am the Son of God"? (John 10:34-36)
What is Jesus' point when He says to them "and the Scripture cannot be broken"? What is He stressing? He is emphasizing that Scripture means what it says. In other words, when the Scripture "called them gods" it means what it says, "You are gods," just as it says. This is a very literal approach to Scripture.
You can see what Jesus meant regarding "the Scripture cannot be broken" via His argument. He was combating their claim of blasphemy, that is, that He was claiming to be God, and He argues, "Is it not written in your law, 'I said, "You are gods'?" So, Jesus' point in responding to the Jews is basically, "Your law calls men gods," as He continued, "If He called them gods, to whom the word of God came . . . ."
So then, Jesus begins to take the air out of their ballooned blasphemy argument by pointing to the fact that Scripture calls men gods. He doesn't bother explaining this concept, or arguing that they aren't Gods as the one and only true God is God (Isaiah 31:3; 44:6-8).4 No, instead, He emphasizes the statement and dictates, when it says men are gods, it means they are gods,5 "the Scripture cannot be broken."
This is the only honest approach to Scripture. It does not break (John 10:35) or destroy6 the text. Christ's "Scripture cannot be broken" statement, especially in the context in which He says it, reveals Christ's view of God's word. It is acutely7 literal, and this is the only perspective that saves.8
[SIZE=+1]B. True Faith[/SIZE]
Receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls. (James 1:21)
How does one receive the word? By believing it. True faith in the Bible (the word, John 1:1) mandates a literal approach to Scripture. It must be taken for exactly what it says. It must be received. There is no other way to heed God's word. If one is to be found among the believing and not cast to the lake of fire with the "unbelieving" (Revelation 21:8), one must "obey the truth" (Romans 2:8). We must heed exactly what He says. There is no freedom to interpret His truth in any other way. As it is written,
no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation. (2 Peter 1:20)9
It is not for tradition to interpret the word for us (Colossians 2:8). It is not for the "wise" to tell us what it means (1 Corinthians 3:19-20). It is not for us to make it mean what we please (Isaiah 65:2). The text itself holds the authority of interpretation, and the interpretation must be what it actually says. In other words, the Bible means what it says, and says what it means, as Jesus well pointed out (John 10:34-36); and we are doomed to eternal torment if we consistently take it any other way (Matthew 7:24-27; Hebrews 4:12-13; Revelation 21:8; 22:14-15). God's word must be heeded (Proverbs 13:13).
Nevertheless, this is impossible with men (Mark 10:27), but not with God (Luke 18:27). True faith, and thus true honest literal interpretation, is unattainable with men left to themselves (Jeremiah 13:23).
The natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned. (1 Corinthians 2:14)
True faith is a gift from God (Ephesians 2:1-9), and the only way anyone can understand and therefore interpret the Word properly (literally) is via the anointing of God. With this anointing, although there is time and place for a teacher (James 3:1), there is no need for one. As it is written to those who believe (1 John 5:13),
These things I have written to you concerning those who try to deceive you. But the anointing which you have received from Him abides in you, and you do not need that anyone teach you; but as the same anointing teaches you concerning all things, and is true, and is not a lie, and just as it has taught you, you will abide in Him. (1 John 2:26-27; see also John 7:38-39; 14:26)
[SIZE=+2]II. Whole Counsel[/SIZE]
I have not shunned to declare to you the whole counsel of God. (Acts 20:27)
True faith is "believing all things which are written in the Law and in the Prophets" (Acts 24:14). True faith is believing "every word that proceeds from the mouth of God" (Matthew 4:4). One definition of Webster for "literal" is "according with the letter of the Scriptures".10 Psalm 36:9 says,
In Your light we see light.
Since the authority of interpretation is in the text itself (in God Himself), then the text, the entire Bible, is its own interpreter. In other words, Scripture interprets Scripture. The light of one passage sheds light on another, with both standing true and meaning what they say, as Jesus said, "the Scripture cannot be broken". Obliterating ("breaking") one verse, in an attempt to hold to another verse, is destroying the text. In other words, when the truth of one passage is denied via the "truth" of another, the Scripture is thus broken (as in Matthew 5:19) and not rightly divided (2 Timothy 2:15).
A classic example of this is found within false Christianity when Romans 4 is pitted against James 2, and the truth of James 2 is denied (broken). For example, in his commentary on James 2:21-24 John MacArthur writes,
That seeming contradiction, which has frustrated and confused believers throughout the history of the church, is clarified by understanding that justification by faith pertains to a person's standing before God, whereas the justification by works that James speaks of in this verse pertains to a person's standing before other men.
Some have further imagined a contradiction between James's (sic) declaration that Abraham was justified by works and Paul's unequivocal teaching that he was justified solely by grace through faith (Rom. 4:1-25; Gal. 3:6-9). . . . James is teaching, then, that Abraham's willingness to offer Isaac vindicates his faith before men - . . . (The MacArthur New Testament Commentary, James, p, 137, copyright 1998, Moody Press, Chicago, bold in original, ellipsis added)
When MacArthur writes "the justification by works that James speaks of in this verse pertains to a person's standing before other men," and "James is teaching, then, that Abraham's willingness to offer Isaac vindicates his faith before men," he breaks James 2 in a perverted favor towards Romans 4. Note the verses of which MacArthur speaks.
Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar? Do you see that faith was working together with his works, and by works faith was made perfect? And the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness." And he was called the friend of God. You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only. (James 2:21-24)
Please read the passage to which James refers, Genesis 22. The only one watching is God. Even Abraham's men are left behind (Genesis 22:5). The entire passage is about "God tested Abraham" (Genesis 22:1) and God seeing, "now I know that you fear God" (Genesis 22:12).
James says, "faith was working together with his works, and by works faith was made perfect" (James 2:22) in the very event of Genesis 22, not later as men contemplate the passage, but right then and there, "faith was working together with his works." And note, "the Scripture was fulfilled." What Scripture? The earlier Scripture of Genesis 15:6 (Romans 4:3). In other words, James puts them both together (Genesis 15 & 22) showing "that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only" and thus "faith without works is dead" (James 2:26). In other words, true faith has works. If there are no works, there is no faith, and thus no righteousness and no salvation.
Some stumble over this "justified by works, and not by faith only," but it is a major theme in Scripture, as the Day of Judgment well testifies:
Some stumble over this "justified by works, and not by faith only," but it is a major theme in Scripture, as the Day of Judgment well testifies:
But I say to you that for every idle word men may speak, they will give account of it in the day of judgment. For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned. (Matthew 12:36-37)
Do not marvel at this; for the hour is coming in which all who are in the graves will hear His voice and come forth - those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of condemnation. (John 5:28-29)
God, who will render to each one according to his deeds, eternal life to those who by patient continuance in doing good seek for glory, honor, and immortality; but to those who are self-seeking and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness - indignation and wrath, tribulation and anguish, on every soul of man who does evil, of the Jew first and also of the Greek; but glory, honor, and peace to everyone who works what is good (Romans 2:6-10).
Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, that he will also reap. For he who sows to his flesh will of the flesh reap corruption, but he who sows to the Spirit will of the Spirit reap everlasting life. (Galatians 6:7-8; see also Psalm 15; 24:3-6; 50:22-23; Ecclesiastes 12:13-14; Revelation 22:14-15; etc.)
Now, if James 2 truly means exactly what it says, "that a man is justified by works" (James 2:24), then what is Romans 4 talking about?
For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God. (Romans 4:2)
In Romans, both before and after Romans 4, Paul explicitly speaks of this distinction between works of faith and works of the flesh. At the beginning of Romans, Paul writes of the gospel in which,
the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, "The just shall live by faith." (Romans 1:17)
In Romans Paul speaks of circumcision of the heart (faith) and circumcision in the flesh, in the Spirit (faith) and in the letter (flesh), inward (faith) and outward (flesh, Romans 2:25-29). He writes of "the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus" (faith) and "the law of sin and death" (flesh, Romans 8:2). He writes of the spiritual mind (faith) and the fleshly mind (Romans 8:5-7). Paul's distinction is between works of faith and works of flesh, as Romans chapter 4 begins with,
What then shall we say that Abraham our father has found according to the flesh? (Romans 4:1)11
those who are in the flesh cannot please God.
On the contrary, works of faith are works of the Spirit. They are the "work of God" (John 6:29; Ephesians 2:8-9; Galatians 5:22-23), and works of faith do please God (e.g. Hebrews 11:5). This is why Paul said he wanted to,
be found in Him, not having my own righteousness, which is from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is from God by faith (Philippians 3:9).
Our own righteousness is righteousness of the flesh, and produces nothing but death (Romans 8:6), because we cannot produce true godly righteousness (right living) on our own (Jeremiah 13:23). This is why we are saved "not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us" (Titus 3:5). Any and all who are saved are saved "by grace through faith" and that faith is the gift of God (Ephesians 2:8-9). Therefore, in contrast to our own righteousness (our own good doing), which is righteousness of the flesh, God gives His righteousness to the believer, as it is written,
even the righteousness of God, through faith in Jesus Christ, to all and on all who believe (Romans 3:22).
So, it comes down to how one is found righteous before God. Or, in other words, how one is justified before God. There is no righteousness and no justification in man's own efforts. There is righteousness and there is justification in God given faith, as Paul wrote, consistent with James,
For not the hearers of the law are just in the sight of God, but the doers of the law will be justified (Romans 2:13).
Who are these doers of the law who will be justified? They are people of faith, as it is written,
For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh, that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. (Romans 8:3-4)
The law was weak through the flesh, because even if a man were to obey the commands in the law, if he didn't do it in faith, it would be absolutely worthless (Isaiah 64:6). Thus, fleshly obedience to the law was weak and did not produce the righteousness God requires. This was the Jews problem. They thought "to establish their own righteousness" (Romans 10:3) by keeping the law, but it was not by faith, but instead, by their own efforts in the flesh (Romans 9:30-32).12 Saul, likewise, was under this same folly (Philippians 3:4-6; 1 Timothy 1:13).
But now, those who are of faith actually do fulfill "the righteous requirement of the law" as Romans 8 says. They truly do live a godly, holy, righteous life, because Christ lives in them (Galatians 2:20) and Christ (love) fulfills the law (Galatians 5:14).
Although "all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God" (Romans 3:23), believers are,
being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus (Romans 3:24).
They do "not work" (Romans 4:5), as Abraham didn't work, to be found righteous before God. They rest and cease from such efforts (Hebrews 4:10). Instead, they set their "hope fully upon the grace that is to be brought to" them "at the revelation of Jesus Christ" (1 Peter 1:13). Although they indeed are still in this sinful flesh (Romans 7:13-25; 1 John 1:8-10) and are not above stumbling (Psalm 37:24; Proverbs 24:16; James 3:2), they know "to those who eagerly wait for Him He will appear a second time, apart from sin, for salvation" (Hebrews 9:28).
Therefore, it can be seen that both James 2 and Romans 4 stand literally true as written, and when the whole counsel of God is considered, it is evident one speaks of works of faith, the other works of flesh. The one justifies, the other condemns (Romans 2:6-10).