2:6 The Thessalonians knew the truths in
2:3-4 (cf.
2:5) and, additionally, knew what is
now... restraining (literally, 'holding down'). For them, this was a review. For the modern reader, this is information not revealed in this manner elsewhere in Scripture. The first factor precluding the Day of the Lord from being present is a restraining ministry. Who or what is the
restraining one and what is being restrained? And for how long will the
restraining activity go on? Lawlessness (
2:7) is being restrained until the
lawless one (see notes on
2:3-4) is revealed (
2:8). This
restraining ministry will continue until the restrainer moves aside (
2:7). That much is rather clear in context, but who or what restrains?Numerous suggestions have been made as to the identity of the restrainer: (1) the Roman Empire; (2) human government; (3) the Jewish state; (4) gospel preaching; (5) the binding of Satan; (6) angels; (7) the providence of God; (8) some prophetic person like Elijah or Paul; (9) the church; or (10) the Holy Spirit. Which one is correct and why?
The lawless one is empowered by Satan (
2:9; cf.
Rev 13:2,
4), so who or what is powerful enough to severely restrain (not eliminate) Satan's influence over thousands of years? In reviewing the alternatives, the Holy Spirit seems most likely. See
Overview, 'Ministries of the Holy Spirit' (
2:13). Early in Scripture, the Holy Spirit exercised that kind of ministry (
Gen 6:3) and there is no reason to believe that He has relinquished it (cf.
John 16:8-11;
Acts 7:51). Only God has the power to effectively control Satan and his delegated evil (cf. Michael the archangel who deferred to God in a conflict with Satan in
Jude 9). Only the Holy Spirit is referred to in the New Testament with both the neuter gender (
2:6) and the masculine gender (
2:7), much like in
John 16:13-14. How the Holy Spirit restrains is not mentioned, although it could possibly be through a combination of means such as human government (
Rom 13:1-7) and true believers, i.e. the church.
The purpose of the present (
now)
restraining is so
that he (the lawless one of
2:3,
8)
may be revealed in his own time (literally, 'season'). Put another way, God ultimately controls the lawless one and will determine when a period of unhindered lawlessness will be permitted (
revealed;
2:3,
6,
8) on earth.
2:7 However, it is not like lawlessness has not been present,
for the mystery of lawlessness (
1 John 3:4;
5:17)
is already at work. It has been active in the world and the human race since the fall of Adam and Eve (
Gen 3:1-7), but lawlessness remains a mystery in the sense that it has not yet been fully revealed or manifested in its worst, unchecked form. As sinful as the world has seemed to be in the past or as lawless as it appears currently, sin has been tempered in its spread and intensity by the restraining ministry of the Holy Spirit.This restraint will continue
until He who now restrains... is taken out of the way. This does not mean that the Holy Spirit is removed or departs because believers have been raptured. The Holy Spirit will maintain His presence in the world after the Rapture. The phrase
taken out of the way means 'moved to one side'. It is like the closed doors of a dam, which hold back the waters of a lake or river, being opened, or pulled aside, to let the torrent of formerly restrained water freely cascade forward. The restraining doors are still present, but they no longer restrain. In similar fashion, this is what Paul refers to here.
Focus on the Bible Commentary - Focus on the Bible Commentary – 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Triumphs and Trials of a Concecrated Church.