Loa,
The scriptures say that the covenant is the 10 commandments.
Exd 34:28 So he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he neither ate bread nor drank water. And He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments.
So, now that you understand that the words of the covenant are actually the 10 commandments, read through Galatians 4:21-31 , and learn what you are supposed to do with that covenant from Sinai- the 10 commandments.
That's an interesting verse, but the context just before it seems to say that there was more to the covenant that was written down than was written on the stone tablets (and perhaps more than the Ten Commandments written on the stone tablets, depending on the grammar). Consider, for example verses 17-26 which I believe are key in interpreting the following underlined phrase:
Exodus 34:27-28 Adonai said to Moshe, “
Write these words down, because they are the terms of the covenant I have made with you and with Isra’el.” Moshe was there with
Adonai forty days and forty nights, during which time he neither ate food nor drank water.
[Adonai] wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Words.
The phrase
Adonai wrote is translated as such, because some people believe the pronoun refers to God - not Moses, and it was therefore God who wrote on the tablets of stone. And if it were Moses in this passage then there would be a possible contradiction elsewhere in the Bible. So Moses wrote down at least some of the terms of the covenant, but God wrote on the tablets of stone. And the terms of the covenant seem to be the commands preceding the Ten Commandments as well.
Let's consider some versions of Exodus 24:12:
Exodus 24:12 (CJB) Adonai said to Moshe, “Come up to me on the mountain, and stay there. I will give you
the stone tablets with the Torah and the mitzvot I have written on them, so that you can teach them.”
Exodus 24:12 (NLT) Then the Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain. Stay there, and I will give you
the tablets of stone on which I have inscribed the instructions and commands so you can teach the people.”
Of course other translations don't imply as much, but all of the other translations seem to say that God was at least giving Moses more than the Ten Commandments. And of course we have the above translations which say that God inscribed more than the Ten Commandments on the tablets of stone.
This is something that I've been wondering about, and thankfully I've finally had the motivation to research it a bit. One of the things that had made me think twice about it is that people have their traditions, and I had always heard about the Ten Commandments and only seen them illustrated on the tablets of stone. I became curious if that was so. Another thing that made me curious was that the stone tablets could have been rather large if they were placed in the Ark of the Covenant. One source has the Ark of the Covenant being 2.25 feet in width and 3.75 feet in length. Those can be some pretty hefty stone tablets. And I'm sure that if God were writing both the commandments and the mitzvot (other regulations) down, he could write as small as he wanted. To me, it just seemed kind of weird if 1. the tablets were fairly small in comparison to the ark and 2. if they were large that there could be so much space to fill on them.