E
I don't know what the legal term the Greek used for a legal situation.
But the word dikaioo is not a legal term. It is a relational term. It means righteous, to make right, or to put into a correct relationship. Scripture uses the same understanding. It does not have the legal connotation of "declaring not guilty", that is Anselmian and Mediavel civil law.
But the word dikaioo is not a legal term. It is a relational term. It means righteous, to make right, or to put into a correct relationship. Scripture uses the same understanding. It does not have the legal connotation of "declaring not guilty", that is Anselmian and Mediavel civil law.
56.34 δικαιόωc; δικαίωσιςb, εως f; δικαίωμαc, τος n: the act of clearing someone of transgression—‘to acquit, to set free, to remove guilt, acquittal.’
Louw, J. P., & Nida, E. A. (1996). Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament: based on semantic domains. New York: United Bible Societies.
δῐκαιόω, Ion. impf. δικαιεῦν: f. ώσω and ώσομαι: aor. I ἐδικαίωσα:—Pass., aor. I ἐδικαιώθην: (δίκαιος):
I. to set right: Pass., δικαιωθείς proved, tested, Aesch.
II. to hold or deem right, think fit, demand, c. inf., Hdt., etc.; inf. omitted, as οὕτω δικαιοῦν (sc. γενέσθαι) Id.:—to consent, δουλεύειν Id.; οὐ δ. to refuse, Thuc.:—c. acc. pers. et inf. to desire one to do, Hdt.
III. to do a man right or justice, to judge, i.e.,
1. to condemn, Thuc.: to chastise, punish, Hdt.
2. to deem righteous, justify, N.T. Hence δικαίωμα
dikaios, conforming to law or custom, right, virtuous; dikaiosynē, justice, righteousness; dikaioō, to justify, pronounce just; dikaiōma, justification, righteousness, righteous decree, just requirement; dikaiōsis, justification; dikastēs, judge; dikē, custom, justice, punishment
→see also λάθρα
Spicq, C., & Ernest, J. D. (1994). Theological lexicon of the New Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.
Liddell, H. G. (1996). A lexicon: Abridged from Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English lexicon. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
1467 δικαιόω (dikaioō): vb.; ≡ DBLHebr 7405; Str 1344; TDNT 2.211—1. LN 34.46 put right with, justify, vindicate, declare righteous, i.e., cause one to be in a right relation (Ro 3:24); 2. LN 88.16 show to be right, demonstrate to something is morally just (Ro 3:4); 3. LN 56.34 acquit, remove guilt, set free, i.e., clear of a transgression (Ac 13:38); 4. LN 37.138 set free, release from the control of
Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains: Greek (New Testament). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
δικαιόω V 4-3-16-7-21=51
Gn 38,26; 44,16; Ex 23,7; Dt 25,1; 2 Sm 15,4
A to pronounce and treat as righteous, to justify, to vindicate, to acquit [τινα] Ex 23,7; to do justice to sb [τινα] 2 Sm 15,4
P to be justified Jb 33,32; to be shown to be righteous Is 42,21
ἕως τοῦ δικαιῶσαι αὐτὸν τὴν δίκην μου until he deems right my caus
Lust, J., Eynikel, E., & Hauspie, K. (2003). A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint : Revised Edition. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart.
1344. δικαιόω dikaiŏō, dik-ah-yŏ´-o; from 1342; to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent:— free, justify (-ier), be righteous.
Strong, J. (1996). The New Strong’s Dictionary of Hebrew and Greek Words. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
there are just a few which show the legal term as it was used in 1st century, and even one as it was used in the greek septuagint of the OT.
It actually was tranlated by Jerome in the 4th century from Greek to Latin. Latin did not have an equivalent word, so he used the Latin, justify/justification. This is a legal pronouncement in Roman law. Then a Archbishop Anselm employed it in his development of his theory of atonement. I'm not sure the RCC adopted it completely because I think Francis of Assissi softened it to a more correct understanding. However, most Protestants have adopted it by default because Luther adopted the Satisfaction theory, as did Calvin but Calvin added the additional "penal" element to the Atonement.
Therein lies part of your misunderstanding regarding the use of the word Justify/justification. The word is used in Rom 5:18 and it cannot have a legal meaning at all. Christ given life to all men Justified, man to God, meaning put man into a correct relationship with God. Christ, nor God is declaring all men not guilty here.
It does not say all men are justified, It says all men have been offered the gift of righteousness, which is
Another twist of something you can not understand because your stuck in the 3rd and 4th century, and not in the 1st century when these words were written.
But you claim to have a better understanding of 1st century Church history/theology, where is your evidence that the view of "saved by faith only" ever existed until Luther in his problem with James. He did not understand it either.
Paul taught it, NT believers embraced it.
Why you do not embrace it but embrace your own work is beyond me